Ambiguity in monitoring the success of ecological restoration in Colombia:A systematic review, needs and perspectives
Ambigüedad en el monitoreo del éxito de la restauración ecológica en Colombia: una revisión sistemática, necesidades y perspectivas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v79.129495Keywords:
Ecological attributes, Indicators, Natural ecosystems, Natural regeneration, Socio-ecological attributes (en)Atributos ecológicos, Indicadores, Ecosistemas naturales, Regeneración natural, Atributos socioecológicos (es)
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Ecological restoration in Colombia has been increasingly used to reverse the degradation and loss of natural ecosystems. However, evaluating its success presents methodological gaps due to the lack of standardized monitoring guidelines. In this context, a literature review of 147 scientific articles published in the last 32 years was conducted. This review categorized and analyzed the attributes (composition, structure, function, and socioecological aspects), indicators, and methodological trends employed. It also analyzed scientific output, research types, and the ecosystems and natural regions studied. This analysis was conducted to identify knowledge gaps. An accelerated growth trend in scientific production was evident. Research was markedly centralized territorially, concentrated in the Andean region (70.06%) and the Andean forest ecosystem (53.74%). Passive restoration predominated (28.57%). Success assessments used a partially multidimensional approach: 51.7% evaluated two attributes simultaneously (mainly composition-structure), prioritizing easily measurable vegetation indicators such as species richness (30.80%) and abundance. However, holistic integration of all four attributes was marginal (2.72%). Monitoring is predominantly descriptive and short-term, underrepresenting biotic interactions, soil water processes, and governance. The focus on early structural metrics limits the ability to assess restoration success by not capturing evidence of functional or socioecological recovery. It is imperative to move toward a standardized, longitudinal, and participatory national assessment framework to guide public policies and environmental compensation in the country.
La restauración ecológica en Colombia ha sido utilizada cada vez con más frecuencia para revertir la degradación y pérdida de ecosistemas naturales. Sin embargo, la evaluación de su éxito presenta vacíos metodológicos debido a la falta de directrices de monitoreo estandarizadas. En este contexto, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de 147 artículos científicos publicados en los últimos 32 años. Esta revisión categorizó y analizó los atributos (composición, estructura, función y socioecológico), indicadores y las tendencias metodológicas empleadas. También analizó la producción científica, el tipo de investigaciones y los ecosistemas y regiones naturales estudiadas. Esto con el fin de identificar vacíos de conocimiento. Se evidenció una tendencia de crecimiento acelerado en la producción científica. Hubo una marcada centralización territorial de la investigación, concentrada en la región Andina (70,06%) y el ecosistema bosque andino (53,74%). Predominó la restauración pasiva (28,57%). Las evaluaciones de éxito tuvieron un enfoque parcialmente multidimensional: el 51,7% evaluó dos atributos simultáneamente (principalmente composición-estructura), priorizando indicadores vegetacionales de fácil medición como riqueza de especies (30,80%) y abundancia. Sin embargo, la integración holística de los cuatro atributos fue marginal (2,72%). El monitoreo es predominantemente descriptivo y a corto plazo, sub-representando las interacciones bióticas, los procesos hídricos del suelo y la gobernanza. Existe un desequilibrio que prioriza las métricas estructurales tempranas, lo cual limita la capacidad de evaluar el éxito de la restauración al no permitir obtener evidencia de la recuperación funcional o socioecológica. Es imperativo transitar hacia un marco nacional de evaluación estandarizado, longitudinal y participativo que guíe las políticas públicas y las compensaciones ambientales en el país.
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