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Chemical, Physicochemical and Functional Characteristics of Dietary Fiber Obtained From Asparagus byproducts (Asparagus officinalis L.)
Características Químicas, Físicoquímicas y Funcionales de la Fibra Dietaria Obtenida de los Subproductos del Espárrago (Asparagus officinalis L.)
Keywords:
Natural fiber, drying conditions, healthy food, product development (en)Fibra natural, condiciones de secado, alimentos saludables, desarrollo de productos (es)
Due to its mechanical and biochemical properties, dietary fiber is part of a healthy diet. Containing good levels of prebiotics, asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) produces healthy effects when incorporated into processed foods. The objective of the current study was to obtain fiber from asparagus byproducts and determine its chemical composition [Total Dietary Fiber (TDF), protein, moisture and ash)] and physicochemical [pH, and water activity (aw)] and functional characteristics [Water Absorption Index (WAI), Water Solubility Index (WSI), Oil Absorption Index (OAI) and Swelling Volume (SV)]. The plant material was treated through extraction and dehydration thermal treatments. A response surface model was applied to evaluate the effects of extraction and drying temperatures. The TDF ranged from 60.7 to 79%. Significant differences were only observed for TDF, moisture and aw (P ≤ 0.05). The WAI, WSI, OAI and SV were found to be within the range observed for similar plant materials. Due to their functional properties and elevated TDF content, asparagus byproducts can be used as active biological components in food production. This innovative utilization will contribute to reducing the environmental impact of the industrial processing of this vegetable.
Por sus propiedades mecánicas y bioquímicas, la fibra dietética puede formar parte de una alimentación saludable. Al ser incorporado en los alimentos en el proceso de elaboración, el espárrago (Asparagus officinalis L.) tiene efectos benéficos para la salud del consumidor, debido a su contenido de prebióticos. El objetivo del estudio fue obtener fibra a partir de los subproductos del espárrago para determinar su composición química [Fibra Dietaria Total (FDT), proteína, humedad y cenizas] y sus propiedades físicoquímicas [pH y actividad del agua (aw)] y funcionales [Índice de Absorción del Agua (IAA), Índice de Solubilidad del Agua (ISA), Índice de Absorción de Aceite (IAAc) y Volumen de Hinchamiento (VH)]. El material vegetal se sometió a tratamientos térmicos de extracción y secado. Se ajustó un modelo de superficie de respuesta para evaluar el efecto de las temperaturas de extracción y secado. La FDT estuvo entre 60,7 y 79%. Sólo los contenidos de FDT, humedad y aw, mostraron diferencias significativas (P ≤ 0,05). Los valores de IAA, ISA, IAAc y VH estuvieron dentro de los niveles establecidos para otros materiales vegetales similares. Los subproductos del espárrago, dado su alto contenido de FDT y sus propiedades funcionales, pueden ser utilizados como elemento biológico activo en la elaboración de alimentos, contribuyendo a la reducción del impacto ambiental derivado del proceso agroindustrial de la hortaliza.
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