Comparison of Different Chemical Methods as Extrantes of Aluminum in Acid Sulphate Soils of Brazil and Colombia

Published

2015-01-01

Comparação de Diferentes Métodos Químicos como Extrantes de Alumínio em Solos Tiomorficos do Brasil e Colômbia

Keywords:

Analise química, fitotoxicidade, solos tiomórficos, acidez, compostos orgânicos. (pt)
Chemical analyze, phytotoxicity, thiomorphic soils, acidity, organic compounds (en)

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Authors

Enrique Combatt Caballero Universidad de Córdoba
Víctor Hugo Álvarez Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Júlio César Lima Universidade Federal de Viçosa

Abstract (pt)
Abstract (en)

A acidificação do solo tiomórficos tem como consequência a solubilização de compostos de Al, o que ocasiona o aumento da concentração de Al3+ na solução do solo. O objetivo, deste trabalho foi determinar os teores de Al trocável e ativo extraídos com 12 métodos analíticos em amostras de solos tiomórficos do Brasil e Colômbia. Foi realizado um ensaio no laboratório com amostras de 12 solos, nove do Estado do Espírito Santo (Brasil) e três da Colômbia. Os métodos avaliados foram: KCl 1 mol L-1, Ca(OAc)2 0,5 mol L-1pH 7, BaCl2 0,1 mol L-1, NH4OAc 1 mol L-1 pH 4,8, CuCl2 0,5 mol L-1 pH 2,8 e LaCl3 0,33 mol L-1 pH 4,0. Para comparação dos métodos de extração, os tratamentos formaram um delineamento fatorial 12x12, dispostos em blocos casualizados com três repetições. Foram utilizados analise de variância, estatística descritiva e contrastes para determinar a capacidade de extração de Al pelos métodos químicos. A determinação quantitativa mostrou que o método com maior capacidade extratora de Al foi a solução de Na4P2O7. Os métodos que utilizam íons de cloreto, não tamponados, conseguem extrair mais eficientemente Al dos solos tiomórficos que a soluções extratoras de acetatos, sendo CuCl2 e LaCl3 as de maior eficiência. O aumento do tempo de agitação não resultou em maior eficiência na extração de Al entre as soluções não tamponadas.

The acidification of acid sulphate soil has as a result the solubilization of Al compounds, which increases the concentration of Al3+ in the soil solution. This study was carried out to evaluate the levels of exchangeable and active Al extracted with 12 analytical methods, in soil samples from acid sulphate soil from Brazil and Colombia. It was conducted an laboratory investigation with 12 samples soils, nine from Espirito Santo State (Brazil) and three from Colombia. The methods evaluated were: KCl 1 mol L-1, Ca(OAc)2 0.5 mol L-1 pH 7, BaCl2 0.1 mol L-1, NH4OAc 1 mol L-1 pH 4.8, CuCl2 0.5 mol L-1 pH 2.8 e LaCl3 0.33 mol L-1 pH 4.0. For comparison of extraction methods, the treatments were set as a factorial 12x12 design, arranged in a randomized block with three replications. The analysis of variance, statistics descriptive and contrasts were applied to determine the capacity of Al extraction by the chemical methods. The quantitative determination showed that the method with higher extraction capacity of Al was the Na4P2O7solution. The methods that use chloride ions unbuffered, are able to extract more efficiently the Al of the acid sulphate soil than the solutions of acetates, being the CuCl2 and LaCl3 the ones with highest efficiency. The increase in the stirring time did not increased the extraction efficiency of Al among the non-buffered solutions.

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