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Effects of light intensity on the morphology and CAM photosynthesis of Vanilla planifolia Andrews
Efectos de la intensidad lumínica sobre la morfología y la fotosíntesis CAM de Vanilla planifolia Andrews
Keywords:
Chlorophyll fluorescence, Gas exchange, Orchids, Photosynthetic pigments, Titratable acidity, Tropical crops (en)Fluorescencia, Clorofila, Intercambio de gases, Orquídeas, Pigmentos fotosintéticos, Acidez titulable, Cultivos tropicales (es)
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Vanilla planifolia is a neotropical orchid, whose fruits produce the natural vanilla, a fundamental ingredient for the food and cosmetic industry. Because of its importance in the world market, it is cultivated in many tropical countries and recently its cultivation has started in Colombia. This species requires shade for its development; however, the optimal of light conditions are unknown. This work evaluates the effect of different light intensities on CAM photosynthesis, physiology, morphology, and growth of this species. For this, vanilla seedlings were subjected to four treatments of relative illumination (RI) (T1=8%, T2=17%, T3=31% and T4=67%). Most CO2 assimilation occurred along night in all treatments, which confirms that vanilla is a strong CAM species. Plants grown under high lighting (67% RI) had almost half of the photosynthesis in treatments of intermediate lighting (17 and 31%), which is consistent with the lower nocturnal acid accumulation in that treatment. Likewise, the photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv / Fm) showed that in plants of the 67% RI occurred high radiation stress. On the other hand, vanilla plants reached greater length, leaf area, and total biomass when grown under intermediate radiation (17 and 31% RI). These results suggest that high radiation alters the functioning of vanilla plants, inhibiting photosynthesis and growth, and that highly shaded environments not significantly affected the CAM photosynthesis of vanilla; however, in the long-term this species showed higher photosynthesis and growth under intermediate levels of radiation.
Vanilla planifolia es una orquídea neotropical, cuyos frutos producen la vainilla natural, un ingrediente fundamental para la industria alimenticia y cosmética. Debido a su importancia en el mercado internacional, se cultiva en varios países tropicales y recientemente ha comenzado su cultivo en Colombia. Esta especie requiere sombra para su desarrollo; sin embargo, se desconocen sus rangos óptimos de condiciones de iluminación. En este trabajo evaluamos el efecto de diferentes intensidades lumínicas sobre la fotosíntesis CAM, la fisiología, la morfología y el crecimiento de esta especie. Para esto, plantas jóvenes de vainilla se sometieron a cuatro tratamientos de iluminación relativa (IR) (T1=8%, T2=17%, T3=31% y T4=67%). La mayor proporción de asimilación de CO2 ocurre durante la noche en todos los tratamientos, lo cual confirmó que la vainilla es una especie CAM fuerte. Las plantas que crecieron bajo alta iluminación (67% IR), tuvieron casi la mitad de la fotosíntesis de las plantas en los tratamientos de iluminación intermedia (17 and 31%), lo cual coincide con la baja acumulación nocturna de ácidos en este tratamiento. Así mismo, la eficiencia fotoquímica del fotosistema II (Fv / Fm) mostró que en las plantas del 67% IR ocurrió estrés por alta radiación. De otro lado, las plantas de vainilla alcanzaron mayor longitud, área foliar, y biomasa total cuando crecieron bajo radiación intermedia (17 y 31% IR). Estos resultados sugieren que la alta radiación altera el funcionamiento de las plantas de vainilla, inhibiendo la fotosíntesis y el crecimiento, y que los ambientes altamente sombreados no afectan significativamente la fotosíntesis CAM de la vainilla; sin embargo, en el largo plazo, esta especie muestra mayor fotosíntesis y crecimiento bajo condiciones intermedias de radiación.
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