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Survival, growth and photosynthesis analysis of native forest species established in the tropical dry forest in Antioquia, Colombia
Análisis de supervivencia, crecimiento y fotosíntesis de especies forestales nativas en el bosque seco tropical en Antioquia, Colombia
Keywords:
Cedrella odorata L, Efficient light use, Efficient water use, Ochroma pyramidale (Cav. Ex Lam.), Pachira quinata Jacq (en)Cedrella odorata L, Uso eficiente de la luz, Uso eficiente del agua, Ochroma pyramidale (Cav. Ex Lam.), Pachira quinata Jacq (es)
The tropical dry forest (TDF) is one of the most affected ecosystems by anthropic activities in the world; so, it is necessary to study the dynamics of its ecosystem in order to restore it. With the aim of determining the survival, development, and photosynthetic behaviors of forest species at a young age, a field study was performed using three species Cedrela odorata L. (Spanish cedar), Pachira quinata (Jacq.) W.S. Alverson (red ceiba) and Ochroma pyramidale (Cav. ex Lam.) Urb. (balsa) species. Field data were collected in different periods whose climatic conditions were: dry period (S.0), first rainy period (Ll.1), first dry period (S.1), second rainy period (Ll. 2), and second dry period (S.2). The total height (H) and the root collar diameter (RCD) were measured repeatedly, and two harvests were made to measure dry weight. Besides, photosynthetic performance and its effect on the species development species during three contrasting rainfall periods was evaluated by measuring photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), stomatal conductance (gs), intercellular carbon (Cint), net photosynthesis (NP), transpiration (trans), efficient water use (EWU) and efficient light use (ELU) from 8:00 and 17:00 h during the day. Analysis of variance was performed obtaining significant differences (P<0.05) in the interaction time×species regarding variables H and RCD, and the photosynthetic variable NP. The gs and trans variables showed statistical significance with the species and rainfall periods; Cint was significant only for the rainfall periods. The species O. pyramidale presented the best survival and tolerance to weather by adapting physiological mechanisms, while C. odorata was the most affected species by climatic conditions concerning overall survival.
El Bosque seco tropical es uno de los ecosistemas más afectados en el mundo por el desarrollo de actividades antrópicas, por lo que es necesario estudiar las dinámicas de su ecosistema con el fin de restaurarlo. Con el objetivo de determinar la supervivencia, desarrollo y comportamiento fotosintético de las especies forestales en edades tempranas, se realizó un estudio de campo con tres especies: Cedrela odorata L. (cedro rojo), Pachira quinata (Jacq.) W.S. Alverson (ceiba tolúa) y Ochroma pyramidale (Cav. ex Lam.) Urb. (balso). Los datos de campo fueron recolectados en diferentes períodos, cuyas condiciones climáticas fueron: período seco (S.0), primer período lluvioso (Ll.1), primer período seco (S.1), segundo período lluvioso (Ll.2) y segundo período seco (S.2). Se midió la altura total (H) y el diámetro en la base (RCD), y se realizó dos cosechas para medir el peso seco. Además, se evaluó el funcionamiento fotosintético y su efecto en el desarrollo de las especies en tres periodos pluviométricos contrastantes midiendo la radiación fotosintéticamente activa (PAR), conductancia estomática (gs), carbono intercelular (Cint), fotosíntesis neta (PN), transpiración (trans), uso eficiente del agua (EWU) y uso eficiente de la luz (ELU) entre las 8:00 y 17:00 h del día. Así mismo, se realizaron dos cosechas, para la medición del peso seco. Se realizó un análisis de varianza, encontrando diferencias significativas (P<0.05) en la interacción en H y RCD, y en la variable fotosintética PN. Las variables gs y trans mostraron signifcancia estadística con las especies y los periodos pluviométricos; Cint fue significativa sólo en los periodos pluviométricos. O. pyramidale fue la especies que mayor supervivencia presentó y toleró las condiciones climáticas desarrollando mecanismos fisiológicos, mientras que C. odorata fue la especies más afectada en términos de supervivencia por las condiciones climáticas.
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