Published
Characterization of oil extracted from the kernel of the fruit of cumare’s palm (Astrocaryum chambira Barret)
Caracterización del aceite extraído del kernel del fruto de la palma de cumare (Astrocaryum chambira Barret)
Keywords:
Astrocaryum chambira, Cumare´s oil, Physicochemical parameters (en)Astrocaryum chambira, Aceite de cumare, Parámetros fisicoquímicos (es)
The objective of this research was the physicochemical characterization, fatty acid composition and Vitamin E content of oil extracted from the kernel of the fruit of cumare´s palm (Astrocaryum chambira). The plant material used in this research was collected in Caney-Restrepo, km 12 in the department of Meta-Colombia. The oil extraction process was performed by the soxhlet method using n-hexane as solvent, applying a unifactorial three-level experimental design to determine the most appropriate mass: solvent ratio. The percentage of lipids in dry basis of the kernel samples was 46.88 ± 0.73, which corresponds to the ratio 5 g of dry sample: 150 mL of solvent. The results of the physicochemical parameters were: density at 25 °C 0.9171 ± 0.003 g mL-1, refractive index at 40 °C 1.4518 ± 0.0004, iodine index 8.28 ± 0.60 g I2 100 g-1 oil, saponification index 246.66 ± 0.69 mg KOH g-1 oil, the percentage of acidity 0.248% ± 0.002 and the acid index 0.694 ± 0.006 mg KOH g-1 oil. The fatty acid profile presented a higher proportion of saturated (91.6%) than unsaturated (8.3%), likewise the analysis showed that lauric acid is the most abundant (48.6%) followed by myristic (29.8%), palmitic (6.7%), oleic (5.7%) and linoleic (2.5%). Based on the results obtained in the present
study, data reported in the literature and regulations related to the use of oils of vegetable origin, this oil shows a great potential to be used as raw material in the food, pharmaceutical and oleochemical
industry is feasible. However, it is recommended to perform additional tests in order to reaffirm their use in them.
El objetivo de esta investigación fue la caracterización fisicoquímica, composición de ácidos grasos y el contenido de Vitamina E del aceite extraído de la almendra del fruto de la palma de cumare (Astrocaryum chambira). El material vegetal utilizado en esta investigación fue recolectado en la vereda Caney- Restrepo, km 12 en el departamento del Meta – Colombia. El proceso de extracción del aceite se realizó mediante el método soxhlet utilizando n-hexano como solvente aplicando un diseño experimental unifactorial de tres niveles para determinar la relación masa:solvente más apropiada. El
porcentaje de lípidos en base seca de las muestras de las almendras fue de 46,88 ± 0,73, el cual corresponde a la relación 5 g de muestra seca: 150 mL de solvente. Los resultados de los parámetros fisicoquímicos fueron: densidad a 25 °C 0,9171 ± 0,003 g mL-1, el índice de refracción a 40 °C 1,4518 ± 0,0004, índice de yodo 8,28 ± 0,60 g I2 100 g-1 aceite, índice de saponificación 246,66 ± 0,69 mg KOH g-1 aceite, el porcentaje de acidez 0,248% ± 0,002 y el índice de acidez 0,694 ± 0,006 mg KOH g-1 aceite.
El perfil de ácidos grasos presentó mayor proporción de saturados (91,6%) que de insaturados (8,3%), así mismo el análisis mostró que el ácido láurico es el más abundante (48,6%), seguido del mirístico (29,8%), palmítico (6,7%), oleico (5,7%) y linoléico (2,5%). Con base en los resultados obtenidos en el presente estudio, lo reportado en la literatura y en la normativa relacionada con el uso de aceites de origen vegetal, se evidencia un gran potencial de uso como materia prima en la industria alimentaria,
farmacéutica y oleoquímica. Sin embargo, se recomienda realizar pruebas adicionales con el fin de reafirmar su uso en las mismas.
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