Published

2018-09-01

Effect of drying methods on physical and chemical properties of Ilex guayusa leaves

Efecto de métodos de secado sobre las propiedades físicas y químicas de las hojas de Ilex guayusa

Keywords:

Ilex guayusa, Caffeine, Air drying, Conventional oven, Solar drying (en)
Ilex guayusa, Cafeína, Secado al aire, Horno convencional, Secado solar (es)

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The influence of air-drying (AD), convection oven (CO) and solar drying (SOD) on the physical and chemical properties of Ilex guayusa leaves is discussed. Total ash (%), acid-insoluble ash (%), watersoluble ash (%), residual moisture (%) and caffeine content (%) were estimated. Additionally, alkaloids,
flavonoids, reducing sugars, saponins, steroids, quinones, fats, phenols and tannins detection of dry leaves extracts were assessed. The results revealed that parameters of physical analysis were not affected by the drying techniques. The highest amount of secondary metabolites in ethanol and
aqueous extracts were detected. In general, convection oven dried leaves showed the highest caffeine content (3.71%) and the lowest drying time (13 h) compared to other drying methods. The results revealed a fast method to dry Ilex guayusa leaves and indicate that this species possess a variety of bioactive compounds beneficial for health. Our results revealed an effective quick method to dry Ilex guayusa leaves without altering the content of beneficial bioactive components.

En este trabajo se discute la influencia del secado al aire (AD), el horno de convección (CO) y el secado solar (SOD) sobre las propiedades físicas y químicas de las hojas de Ilex guayusa. Se
estimaron las cenizas totales (%), las cenizas insolubles en ácido (%), las cenizas solubles en agua (%), la humedad residual (%) y el contenido de cafeína (%). Además, se analizó la presencia los alcaloides, flavonoides, azúcares reductores, saponinas, esteroides, quinonas, grasas, fenoles y taninos en extractos de hojas secas. Los resultados revelaron que los parámetros del análisis físico no se vieron afectados por las técnicas de secado. La mayor cantidad de metabolitos secundarios se detectó en el extracto etanólico y acuoso. En general, las hojas secadas al horno de convección mostraron el mayor contenido de cafeína (3,71%) y el menor tiempo de secado (13 h) en comparación con los otros métodos de secado empleados. Los resultados obtenidos revelaron un método rápido para secar hojas de Ilex guayusa sin alterar el contenido de componentes bioactivos beneficiosos para la salud, estudios que no han sido reportados.

As folhas de Ilex guayusa são fonte de uma grande variedade de compostos bioativos de grande benefício para a saúde. O efeito de três métodos de secagem, como secagem ao ar, forno convencional e secagem solar, nas propriedades físicas e químicas, umidade, cinzas, cinzas solúveis em água e insolúvel em ácido e teor de cafeína em folhas de Ilex guayusa foi investigado. Os resultados mostraram que não houve diferenças significativas que afetassem as propriedades físicas. O método de secagem em forno convencional mostrou um teor de cafeína (3,71%) ligeiramente superior à secagem ao ar e à secagem solar. As famílias de compostos presentes foram alcalóides, flavonóides, fenóis, taninos e açúcares redutores. Não houve diferenças significativas entre os três métodos, o método do forno convencional mostrou o menor tempo de secagem e a maior concentração de cafeína.

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