Identification of climatic and physiological variables associated with rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield under tropical conditions

Published

2019-01-01

Identificación de variables climáticas y fisiológicas asociadas al rendimiento del arroz (Oryza sativa L.) en condiciones tropicales

Keywords:

crop yield, cv. Oryzica 1, Oryza sativa L, photosynthesis, solar radiation (en)
rendimiento de cultivos, cv. Oryzica 1, Oryza sativa L, fotosíntesis, radiación solar (es)

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Yeison Mauricio Quevedo Amaya Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5352-931X
Jose Isidro Beltrán Medina Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3395-4877
Eduardo Barragán Quijano Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9260-6346

Rice crop productivity is inﬂuenced by climatic conditions such as solar radiation, temperature, and water availability during its vegetative and reproductive stage. In Colombia, rice cultivation is carried out throughout the year; so, it is necessary to identify the sowing dates where high yields are obtained, and which physiologic and climatic factors significantly inﬂuence them. Therefore, this research aimed to identify the key climatic and physiological factors that allow maximizing the yield and maintaining good productivity in sowing dates with optimal and deficient environmental conditions, respectively. The experiment was carried out in a rice producing region in northern of Tolima, Colombia from 2015 to 2016. Ten sowing dates were established, with a randomized complete block design in a divided strips arrangement. For each sowing date, climatic conditions were tracked, and growth, development, and yield of rice plant were evaluated. Also, the photosynthetic rate was assessed on five sowing dates. Results showed that physiologic factors that have more relation with crop yield are plant height, leaf area index and dry mass accumulation between phenological stages 37 and 49; whereas the unique climatic factor, that was highly related to yield, was solar radiation between phenological stages 51 to 77. Furthermore, when the optimum values of each variable were reached, a yield higher than 9,500 kg ha^-1 was achieved. No relation was observed between the photosynthesis rate of at leaf level and yield.

La productividad del cultivo del arroz está inﬂuenciada por las condiciones climáticas, como la radiación solar, temperatura y disponibilidad de agua, durante la etapa vegetativa y reproductiva. En Colombia se realizan siembras de arroz durante todo el año, por lo que es necesario identificar las fechas de siembra donde se obtenga alto rendimiento, y qué factores fisiológicos y climáticos inﬂuyen de forma significativa en este. Por lo tanto, esta investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar los factores climáticos y fisiológicos clave, que permitan maximizar el rendimiento y mantener una buena productividad en fechas de siembra con condiciones ambiental óptimas y deficientes, respectivamente. El experimento se realizó en una región productora de arroz en el norte de Tolima, Colombia durante los años 2015 y 2016. Se establecieron diez fechas de siembra, con un diseño en bloques completos al azar en un arreglo de franjas divididas. En cada fecha de siembra se hizo seguimiento a las condiciones climáticas y se evaluó el crecimiento, desarrollo y rendimiento de las plantas de arroz. Además, la tasa fotosintética se evaluó en cuatro fechas de siembra. Se encontró que los factores fisiológicos que más relación tienen con el rendimiento son la altura de la planta, el índice de área foliar y la acumulación de masa seca entre los estados fenológicos 37 y 49, mientras que, un único factor abiótico que estuvo altamente relacionado con el rendimiento fue la radiación solar entre los estados fenológicos 51 a 77. Cuando se alcanzaron los valores óptimos de cada una de estas variables se alcanza un rendimiento superior a los 9.500 kg ha-1. No se observó relación entre la tasa de fotosíntesis a nivel de hoja y el rendimiento.

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