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Determination of predominant soluble salts in soils of the irrigation district Alto Chicamocha of Boyacá
Determinación de sales solubles predominantes en suelos del distrito de riego Alto Chicamocha de Boyacá
Keywords:
Anions, Cations, Geostatistics, E.C, Water table (en)Aniones, Cationes, Geoestadística, C.E, Nivel freático (es)
In Boyacá, the Alto Chicamocha irrigation and drainage district (DRACH, by its initials in Spanish) is the department’s main agricultural production unit, covering an area of 8016.78 ha and due to the natural conditions and the management that has been given to the high basin of the Chicamocha River, salinization has been recognized as a limiting factor. Therefore, we sought to determine the predominant soluble salts in the soils that comprise the DRACH. Based on the chemical soil analysis information of 301 samples, obtained from studies conducted by GISSAT-UPTC and Corpoica, E.C, pH, anions and cations present in the soil were determined. For the spatial analysis of the variables studied, the ArcGis 10.3 software was used. Thirty-one water samples were collected in wells of the
phreatimetric network to carry out the chemical characterization of the water. It was found that 48.01%
of the soils of the district were non-saline, 22.93% slightly saline, 14.74% moderately saline and saline 14.33%. The main soluble salts in the soil were Na2SO4, Ca2SO4, NaCl2 and CaCl2, which are related to the lacustrine origin and the presence of thermal springs in the region. The areas with greater problem of salinization occur in the municipalities of Tibasosa, Patrocinio, Ucaca, Las Vueltas; in Santa Rosa de Viterbo in the village of Salitre; in Duitama in the villages Cebadero and Higueras with E.C. greater than 2 dS m-1.
El distrito de riego y drenaje del Alto Chicamocha (DRACH por sus siglas en español), es la principal unidad de producción agropecuaria del departamento de Boyacá, Colombia, abarca un área de 8016,78 hectáreas y debido a las condiciones naturales y al manejo que se le ha venido dando a la cuenca alta del Río Chicamocha, la salinización ha sido reconocida como limitante. Por lo anterior se buscó determinar las sales solubles predominantes en los suelos que comprenden el DRACH. Con base en la información de análisis químicos de suelos de 301 muestras, obtenidas de estudios realizados por el GISSAT-UPTC y Corpoica, se determinó C.E, pH, aniones y cationes presentes en el suelo. Para el análisis espacial de las variables estudiadas se usó el sofware ArcGis 10.3. Se colectaron 31 muestras de agua en pozos de la red freatimétrica para realizar la caracterización química del agua. Se encontró que el 48,01% de los suelos del distrito eran no salinos, el 22,93% ligeramente salino, el 14,74% moderadamente salino y salinos el 14,33%. Las principales sales solubles en el suelo fueron el Na2SO4, Ca2SO4, NaCl2 y CaCl2, las cuales están relacionadas con el origen lacustre y la presencia de termales en la región. Las zonas con mayor riesgo de salinización se presentan en los municipios de Tibasosa, veredas Patrocinio, Ucaca, las Vueltas; en Santa Rosa de Viterbo en la vereda Salitre; en Duitama en las veredas Cebadero e Higueras con C.E. mayores a 2,00 dS m-1.
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