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Leaves per tiller as the criterion to determine optimum defoliation frequency in pastures of Brachiaria decumbens
Hojas por macollo como criterio para determinar la frecuencia optima de defoliación en pasturas de Brachiaria decumbens
Keywords:
Brachiaria grass, Grazing management, Tropical grasses, Urochloa decumbens (en)Brachiaria amarga, Manejo del pastoreo, Pastos tropicales, Urochloa decumbens (es)
Two studies were performed to establish the best defoliation frequency in Brachiaria decumbens using the number of leaves per tiller as a criterion. In the first study, 3,500 tillers with 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 leaves were collected in 10 farms. The number of green, senescent, and dead leaves was counted. A pooled sample of tillers by each farm with a given number of leaves was analyzed for nutritional quality; a complete randomized block design was used for this study. In a second study, it was implemented a complete ramdomized design with repeated measures over time (2 defoliations), and the effect of defoliating B. decumbens at 3, 4, or 5 leaves per tiller on its growth, dry matter yield, and nutritional quality were evaluated. In the first study, all leaves remained green until the tiller had 3 leaves. At the fourth leaf, few tillers (2.3%) had senescent leaves, but at 6 leaves, most tillers had senescent (40.6%) or dead (24.4%) leaves. Crude protein and digestibility decreased as the number of leaves in a tiller increased (P<0.001). In the second study, the rate of dry matter accumulation was the highest for plots defoliated at 4 leaves (P<0.05). Green stems (43.9%) represented a larger proportion of dry matter than green leaves (31.4%), and their proportions were similar among treatments. Crude protein and digestibility of stems decreased as the number of leaves per tiller increased (P<0.001), but the quality of leaves was similar. These findings suggest that these pastures should be defoliated at 4 leaves per tiller.
Se realizaron dos estudios para establecer el punto óptimo de defoliación del Brachiaria decumbens usando como criterio el número de hojas por macollo. En el primer estudio, se cosecharon 3500 macollos de 2, 3, 4, 5, o 6 hojas en 10 fincas. Se contó el número de hojas verdes, senescentes o muertas. Se determinó la calidad nutricional de los macollos, para este primer estudio se utilizó un diseño de bloques completos al azar. El segundo estudio se utilizó un diseño experimental completamente aleatorizado con medidas repetidas en el tiempo (2 defoliaciones), se evaluó el efecto de defoliar B. decumbens a 3, 4, o 5 hojas por macollo, sobre el crecimiento, rendimiento de la materia seca y la calidad nutricional. En el primer estudio, las hojas permanecieron verdes hasta la tercera hoja. A partir de la cuarta hoja, se presentaron algunos macollos con hojas senescentes (2,3%) pero a las 6 hojas la mayoría estaban senescentes (40,6%) o muertas (24,4%). La proteína y la digestibilidad disminuyeron al aumentar el número de hojas por macollo (P<0,001). En el segundo estudio, la tasa de acumulación de materia seca fue mayor para las pasturas defoliadas con 4 hojas. Los tallos verdes (43,9%) representaron una mayor proporción de la materia seca que las hojas verdes (31,4%). La proteína y la digestibilidad de los tallos disminuyó con el número de hojas (P<0,001) mientras que la calidad de las hojas fue similar. Este estudio sugiere que estas pasturas deben cosecharse a 4 hojas por macollo.
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