Published

2019-09-01

Combining ability as a function of inbreeding for fruit traits in Cucurbita moschata Duch. ex Poir.

Habilidad combinatoria en función de la endogamia para caracteres del fruto en Cucurbita moschata Duch. ex Poir.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v72n3.77320

Keywords:

agroindustry, consumers, diallel analysis, hybrids, inbred lines, squash (en)
agroindustria, análisis dialélico, consumidores, híbridos, líneas endogámicas, ahuyama (es)

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Three diallel crosses of butternut squash (Cucurbita moschata), each consisting of six parents with S0, S1, and S2 levels of inbreeding, were evaluated to estimate the effect of inbreeding on both general (GCA) and specific combining abilities (SCA) for the following traits: fruit pulp thickness, number of seeds per fruit, fruit pulp color, dry matter, 100-seed weight, diameter of placental cavity, polar diameter of fruits, and equatorial diameter of fruits. A randomized complete block experimental design was used with four replicates, arranged in split plots, with the main plot corresponding to the diallel cross (level of inbreeding) and the subplot for the evaluated genotypes (six parents and 15 F1 hybrids, in each of the diallel crosses). Additive effects (GCA) were responsible for the genetic control of most of the traits in the three diallel crosses, whereas non-additive effects (SCA) were also responsible for the genetic expression of most of the traits, but almost exclusively in crosses between S1 and S2 inbred lines. Recommended genotypes for the simultaneous genetic improvement of fruit pulp thickness and color for the fresh consumption market, which is formed by consumers who prefer whole, non-sliced fruit, were the S0 parents (P3 and P4) as well as the between S2 lines hybrid (P1×P6). On the other hand, a genotype recommended for the improvement of the same traits but intended either for agro-industrial use or for the fresh consumption market formed by consumers for whom fruit weight is not a limiting characteristic for purchase (large fruits), was the S2 parent (P2).

Se evaluaron tres cruzamientos dialélicos de zapallo Cucurbita moschata, conformados cada uno por seis progenitores con niveles de endogamia S0, S1 y S2, para estimar el efecto de la endogamia en la habilidad combinatoria general (HCG) y específica (HCE) para las siguientes variables: grosor de la pulpa del fruto, número de semillas por fruto, color de la pulpa del fruto, materia seca, peso de cien semillas, diámetro de la cavidad placentaria, diámetro polar del fruto y diámetro ecuatorial del fruto. Se utilizó un diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones y arreglo en parcelas divididas, donde la parcela principal estuvo conformada por los cruzamientos dialélicos (tres niveles de endogamia) y la subparcela por los genotipos analizados en cada uno de los cruzamientos dialélicos (seis padres y 15 híbridos F1).  Los efectos aditivos (HCG) fueron los responsables del control genético de la mayoría de las variables en los tres cruzamientos dialélicos, mientras que los efectos no aditivos (HCE) fueron también los responsables de la expresión genética de la mayoría de las variables, pero casi exclusivamente en los cruzamientos realizados entre líneas endogámicas S1 y S2. Los genotipos recomendados para el mejoramiento genético simultáneo del grosor y color de la pulpa del fruto, con destino al mercado de consumo en fresco, constituido por consumidores que prefieren frutos enteros y no en rodajas, fueron los progenitores S0 (P3 y P4) y el híbrido entre líneas S2 (P1×P6). Por otro lado, el genotipo recomendado para el mejoramiento de las mismas variables mencionadas previamente, pero dirigido al uso agroindustrial o al mercado de consumo en fresco conformado por consumidores en los cuales el peso del fruto no es una característica limitante para su adquisición (frutos grandes), fue el progenitor S2 (P2).

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