Effect of altitude and defoliation frequency in the quality and growth of Kikuyu grass (Cenchrus clandestinus)
Efecto de la altitud y la frecuencia de defoliación en la calidad y crecimiento del pasto Kikuyo (Cenchrus clandestinus)
Keywords:
Pennisetum clandestinum, Growth rate, Leaves per tiller, Nutritional performance (en)Pennisetum clandestinum, Velocidad de crecimiento, Hojas por macollo, Rendimiento nutricional (es)
This study aimed at determining the nutritional efficiency of Kikuyu grass, when it is cultivated at different altitudes and defoliated with a different number of leaves per tiller. Four farms, with Kikuyu crops (Cenchrus clandestinus), were selected, two in an average altitude of 2,552 m.a.s.l. and two in average altitude of 2,914 m.a.s.l. In each farm, there were established eight plots of 4 m2 each (four treatments, two replicates). For 10 months, the pastures were defoliated when they presented 4, 5, 6, and 7 leaves per tiller (treatments) at 5 cm above ground when 90% of the tillers reached the number of leaves corresponding to each treatment. Data were analyzed as serial experiments using a completely randomized block (farms) design with an analysis of variance. The leaf appearance interval was higher for the highest altitude (8 vs. 10 days) but vary among treatments at a lower altitude (P<0.05). Pastures at higher altitudes were shorter (8.9 vs. 13.5 cm), but its height varied among treatments depending on the altitude (P<0.001). The quality of the pastures was similar, except for the ones with seven leaves per tiller at 2,552 m.a.s.l. that had less protein and in vitro dry matter digestibility (P<0.01). The nutrient yield was higher for the pastures cultivated at 2,552 m.a.s.l. (P<0.001), and, at this altitude, pastures defoliated with five leaves had the largest nutrient yield. The Kikuyu cultivated at higher altitudes grows slowly and yield fewer nutrients independently of the number of leaves per tiller.
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar el rendimiento nutricional de pasturas de kikuyo (Cenchrus clandestinus) cultivadas a diferentes altitudes y defoliadas con diferente número de hojas por macollo. Se seleccionaron cuatro fincas con cultivos kikuyo, dos a una altitud media de 2.552 m.s.n.m. y dos a 2.914 m.s.n.m. En cada finca, se establecieron ocho parcelas de 4 m2 cada una (cuatro tratamientos, dos réplicas). En un periodo de 10 meses, las pasturas fueron defoliadas cuando estas presentaron 4, 5, 6 y 7 hojas por macollo (tratamientos) a 5 cm del suelo cuando 90% de los macollos alcanzaban las hojas correspondientes a cada tratamiento. Los datos se analizaron como experimentos en serie mediante un diseño de bloques totalmente aleatorizados (fincas) con un análisis de varianza. El intervalo para la aparición de una hoja fue mayor para la mayor altitud (8 vs. 10 días) pero varió entre tratamientos a menor altitud (P<0.05). Las pasturas a mayor altitud fueron más cortas (8.9 vs. 13.5 cm) pero su altura varió entre tratamientos dependiendo de la altitud (P<0.001). La calidad de las pasturas fue similar con excepción de aquellas con 7 hojas por macollo a 2.552 m.s.n.m. que tuvo la menor proteína y digestibilidad in vitro de la materia seca (P<0.01). El rendimiento de nutrientes fue mayor para las pasturas cultivadas a 2.552 m.s.n.m. (P<0.001) y a esta altitud las defoliadas con 5 hojas tuvieron el mayor rendimiento de nutrientes. El kikuyo cultivado a mayores altitudes crece más lentamente y produce un menor rendimiento de nutrientes independientemente del número de hojas por macollo.
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