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Larvicidal activity of ethanolic extract of Azadirachta indica against Aedes aegypti larvae
Actividad larvicida del extracto etanólico de Azadirachta indica contra larvas de Aedes aegypti
Keywords:
Bio-larvicide, Crude ethanolic extract, GC-MS, Mosquito, Neem, Phytol (en)Biolarvicida, Extracto crudo de etanol, GC-MS, Mosquito, Neem, Fitol (es)
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Aedes aegypti is a mosquito that carries dengue virus, yellow fever and other diseases transmitted to humans. Organophosphorus larvicides are used to control the proliferation of this mosquito, which has generated a high degree of resistance; hence, new alternatives such as bio-larvicides formulated with plant extracts are of great interest. The aims of this study were to evaluate the ethanolic extract of Azadirachta indica leaves as a larvicide against Aedes aegypti and to determine the main compounds present in it by GC-MS. In the assay, three concentrations of ethanolic extract were used (10 mg L-1, 20 mg L-1, and 50 mg L-1). This was performed thrice against a positive control (commercial larvicide: spores and endotoxic crystals of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis Serotype H-14) and negative control (water). After 72 h of incubation, it was observed higher larval mortality (93%) in the ethanolic extract at a concentration of 50 mg L-1; the extracts at 10 mg L-1 and 20 mg L-1 shown larval mortality of 47% and 70%, respectively. The majority compound determined by the GC-MS analysis was phytol (14.4% area). The results obtained in this study demonstrated the larvicidal potential of the ethanolic extract of A. indica against larvae of A. aegypti.
Aedes aegypti es un mosquito portador del virus del dengue, la fiebre amarilla y otras enfermedades transmitidas a los humanos. Los larvicidas organofosforados se utilizan para controlar la proliferación de este mosquito, el cual ha generado un alto grado de resistencia, por lo que las nuevas alternativas de biolarvicidas formulados con extractos de plantas son de gran interés. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron evaluar el extracto etanólico de hojas de Azadirachta indica como larvicida contra Aedes aegypti e identificar los principales compuestos químicos GC-MS. En el ensayo, se utilizaron tres concentraciones de extracto de etanol (10 mg L-1, 20 mg L-1 y 50 mg L-1), este se realizó por triplicado contra un control positivo (larvicida comercial: Esporas y cristales endotóxicos de Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis Serotipo H-14) y un control negativo (agua). Después de 72 horas de incubación, se observó una mayor mortalidad larval (93%) en el extracto etanólico a una concentración de 50 mg L-1, y los extractos a 10 mg L-1 y 20 mg L-1 mostraron una mortalidad larval del 47% y 70% respectivamente. El compuesto con mayor abundancia determinado por el análisis CG-MS fue el fitol (área del 14,4%). Los resultados obtenidos en este estudio demostraron el potencial larvicida del extracto de etanol de A. indica contra las larvas de A. aegypti.
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