Correo Electrónico
DNINFOA - SIA
Bibliotecas
Convocatorias
Identidad U.N.
Published
Optimum harvest time for Kikuyu grass (Cenchrus clandestinus) according to the number of leaves per tiller and nitrogen fertilization
Momento óptimo de cosecha para el Kikuyo (Cenchrus clandestinus) de acuerdo al número de hojas por rebrote y la fertilización nitrogenada
Keywords:
Defoliation frequency, Leaf stage, Leave to stem ratio, Pennisetum clandestinum (en)Frecuencia de defoliación, Estado de hojas, Relación hoja tallo, Pennisetum clandestinum (es)
To determine the optimum harvest time of kikuyu grass (Cenchrus clandestinus (Hochst. ex Chiov.) Morrone), according to the number of leaves per tiller and nitrogen fertilization level, an experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions using a 4×4 factorial design. The factors were the number of leaves per tiller (3, 4, 5, 6 leaves) and level of nitrogen (N) fertilization (0, 50, 100,150 kg of Nitrogen ha-1 year-1). Dry matter (DM) yield and nutritional quality were determined. Additionally, the independent effect of nitrogen fertilization on undisturbed height, tiller density, and the phyllochron were evaluated. When the number of leaves per tiller increased (3 to 6), the leaf yield and dead forage also increased (P<0.05). The leaf-stem ratio (L:S) remained constant (P>0.05) among the number of leaves. Green forage-dead forage ratio (GF:DF) decreased (P<0.05) with a higher number of leaves per tiller. The concentration of crude protein (CP) decreased while the concentration of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) increased with an increment of the number of leaves per tiller (P<0.05). Nitrogen fertilization increased the undisturbed height, the density of tillers, DM yield from leaves, stems and green forage, GF:DF, and CP (P<0.05) while NDF decreased (P<0.05). The phyllochron was higher without N fertilization. The effects of the number of leaves per tiller and N fertilization on the most variables measured were independent of each other. However, due to an increment in DM yield caused by N fertilization, the pasture can be defoliated with fewer leaves per tiller, increasing defoliation frequency and improving forage quality
Con el objetivo de determinar el momento óptimo de cosecha del pasto kikuyo (Cenchrus clandestinus Hochst. ex Chiov. Morrone) usando el número de hojas por rebrote y la fertilización nitrogenada, se realizó un experimento bajo invernadero con un diseño factorial 4x4. Los factores fueron el número de hojas por rebrote al momento de la cosecha (3, 4, 5 o 6 hojas por rebrote) y el nivel de fertilización nitrogenada (0, 50, 100 o 150 kg de N ha-1 año-1). Se determinó el rendimiento de materia seca y la calidad nutricional. Adicionalmente, se evaluó el efecto de la fertilización nitrogenada sobre la altura sin disturbar y el filocrono. Aumentar el número de hojas por rebrote al momento de la cosecha (3 a 6) aumentó (P<0,05) el rendimiento de hojas y el material muerto, la relación hoja:tallo se mantuvo constante (P>0,05) y la proporción de material verde:muerto disminuyó (P<0,05). La calidad nutricional representada por menores concentraciones de PC (proteína cruda) y mayores concentraciones de FDN (fibra en detergente neutro) disminuyó (P<0,05) con el número de hojas. La fertilización nitrogenada aumentó la altura sin disturbar, la densidad de estolones, la producción de materia seca, la relación forraje vivo: forraje muerto, la PC en hojas y disminuyó el FDN (P<0,05). El filocrono fue mayor (P<0,05) cuando no se fertilizó. La relación entre la fertilización nitrogenada y el número de hojas al momento de la cosecha sugiere que la fertilización es fundamental para reducir la frecuencia de pastoreo y mejorar la calidad del forraje.
Downloads
References
Almeida ACS, Mingoti R, Coelho R, and Lourenço LF. 2011. Simulação do crescimento do capim Tanzânia irrigado com base na unidade fototérmica, na adubação nitrogenada e na disponibilidade hídrica do período. Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy 33(2): 215-222. doi: 10.4025/actasciagron.v33i2.4901
Andrade AS, Santos PM, Pezzopane JRM, de Araujo LC, Pedreira BC, Pedreira CGS, Marin FR, and Lara MAS. 2015. Simulating tropical forage growth and biomass accumulation: an overview of model development and application. Grass and Forage Science 71:54-65. doi:10.1111/gfs.12177
Anwandter V, Balocchi O, Parga J, Canseco C, Teuber N, Abarzúa A, Lopetegui J y Demanet R. 2007. Capítulo 6: Métodos y control del pastoreo, pp. 91-105. En: Teuber N, Balocchi O and Parga J. (eds.). Manejo del Pastoreo. Imprenta América. Osorno, Chile.
Ariza-Nieto C, Mayorga OL, Mojica B, Parra D and AfanadorTellez G. 2018. Use of LOCAL algorithm with near infrared spectroscopy in forage resources for grazing systems in Colombia. Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy 26(1):44–52. doi: 10.1177/0967033517746900
Bernal J y Espinosa J. 2003. Manual de nutrición y fertilización de pastos. pp. 94. International Plant Nutrition Institute. Quito, Ecuador.
Borrajo I y Alonso S. 2014. Tasa de elongación foliar en materiales de agropiro alargado: efecto de la fenología y el agregado de nitrógeno. En: 37° Congreso AAPA – 2nd Joint Meeting ASASAAPA – XXXIX Congreso de la Sociedad Chilena de Producción Animal. Octubre 20, 21 y 22 de 2014.
Canseco C, Abarzúa A, Parga J, Teuber N y Balocchi O. 2007. Capítulo 4: Calidad nutritiva de las praderas, pp. 51-67. En: Teuber N, Balocchi O and Parga J. (eds.). Manejo del Pastoreo. Imprenta América. Osorno, Chile.
Castillo E, Coward J, Sánchez JM, Jiménez C y López C. 1983. Efecto de la fertilización nitrogenada en la época lluviosa sobre productividad, composición química y digestibilidad in vitro del pasto kikuyo bajo pastoreo en el Cantón de Coronado. Revista Agronomía Costarricense 7 (1/2): 9-15.
Correa HJ, Carulla JE y Pabón ML. 2008. Valor nutricional del pasto kikuyo (Pennisetum clandestinum Hoechst Ex Chiov.) para la producción de leche en Colombia (Una revisión): I - Composición química y digestibilidad ruminal y posruminal. Livestock Research for Rural Development 20(4).
Chapman DF, Tharmaraj J, Agnusdei M and Hill J. 2011. Regrowth dynamics and grazing decision rules: further analysis for dairy production systems based on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) pastures. Grass and Forage Science 67(1):77-95. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2494.2011.00824.x
Da Silva TC, Perazzo AF, Macedo CHO, Batista ED, Pinho RMA, Bezerra HFC, Santos E. 2012. Morfogênese e estrutura de Brachiaria decumbens em resposta ao corte e adubação nitrogenada. Archivos de Zootecnia 61(233): 91-102. doi: 10.4321/S0004-05922012000100010
Dourado RL, Souza AL, Zanine AM, Toral FLB, Ferreira DJ and Abreu JG. 2015. Structural and production characteristics of Piatã grass forage submitted to levels of nitrogen. American Journal of Plant Sciences 6(5): 693-701. doi: 10.4236/ajps.2015.65075
Dugmore T. 2011. The effect of nitrogen fertilization and stage of regrowth on the nutritive value of kikuyu in the midlands of KwaZulu-Natal (PhD. Thesis). School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusines, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Pietermaritzburg, Southafrica. pp. 20-34.
Escobar CM, Cardenas RE, Carulla FJ. 2020. Efecto de la altitud y la frecuencia de defoliación en la calidad y crecimiento del pasto Kikuyo (Cenchrus clandestinus). Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía Medellín 73(1): 9121-9130. doi: 10.15446/rfnam.v73n1.77330
Fonseca C, Balocchi O, Keim JP y Rodríguez C. 2016. Efecto de la frecuencia de defoliación en el rendimiento y composición nutricional de Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. ex Chiov. Agrosur 44(3): 67-76. doi: 10.4206/agrosur.2016.v44n3-07
Fulkerson WJ, Slack K and Havilah E. 1999. The effect of defoliation interval and height on growth and herbage quality of kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum). Tropical Grasslands 33(3): 138-145.
Fulkerson WJ and Lowe KF. 2003. Grazing management. pp. 1142–1149. In: Roginski H, Fuquay JW and Fox PF (eds.). Encyclopedia of dairy science (Vol. 2). Academic Press, Waltham, MA, USA.
García SC, Islam MR, Clark CEF and Martin PM. 2014. Kikuyubased pasture for dairy production: a review. Crop and Pasture Science. Journal Compilation CSIRO. doi: 10.1071/CP13414
Gastal F, Lemaire G, Durand JL and Louarn G. 2015. Chapter 8. Quantifying crop responses to nitrogen and avenues to improve nitrogen-use efficiency, pp.161-206. In: Sadras V, Calderini D (eds.). Crop Physiology: Applications for Genetic Improvement and Agronomy. Elsevier Inc.
Herrero M, Fawcett RH and Dent JB. 2000. Modelling the growth and utilisation of kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum) under grazing. 2. Model validation and analysis of management practices. Agricultural Systems 65(2): 99-111. doi: 10.1016/S0308-521X(00)00028-7
IDEAM. Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales. 1999. El Macizo Colombiano y su Área de InfIuencia. Bogotá, Colombia. pp. 83-84.
Ivory DA and Whiteman PC. 1978. Effect of temperature on growth of five subtropical grasses. II. Effect of low night temperature. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 5(2): 149-157. doi: 10.1071/PP9780149
Lemaire G, Da Silva SC, Agnusdei M, Wade M and Hodgson J. 2009. Interactions between leaf lifespan and defoliation frequency in temperate and tropical pastures: a review. Grass and Forage Science 64(4): 341-353. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2494.2009.00707.x
Martínez BR, Martínez RN y Martínez M. 2011. Diseño de experimentos en ciencias agropecuarias y biológicas con SAS, SPSS, R y STATISTIX. Tomo I. Fondo Nacional Universitario. Bogotá, Colombia.
Mejía-Taborda AC, Ochoa-Ochoa R and Medina-Sierra M. 2014. Effect of different doses of compound fertilizer on the quality of kikuyu grass (Pennisetum cladestinum Hochst. Ex Chiov.). Pastos Forrajes 37(1):31-37.
Mila A y Corredor G. 2004. Evaluación de la composición botánica de una pradera de Kikuyo (Pennisetum clandestinum) recuperada mediante escarificación mecánica y fertilización con compost. Revista Corpoica 5(1): 70-75. doi: 10.21930/rcta.vol5_num1_art:28
Reeves M and Fulkerson WJ. 1996. Establishment of an optimal grazing time of kikuyu pastures for dairy cows. p. 4. In: Proceedings of the 8th Australian Agronomy Conference; 1996.
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía, Autores
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The journal allows the author(s) to maintain the exploitation rights (copyright) of their articles without restrictions. The author(s) accept the distribution of their articles on the web and in paper support (25 copies per issue) under open access at local, regional, and international levels. The full paper will be included and disseminated through the Portal of Journals and Institutional Repository of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia, and in all the specialized databases that the journal considers pertinent for its indexation, to provide visibility and positioning to the article. All articles must comply with Colombian and international legislation, related to copyright.
Author Commitments
The author(s) undertake to assign the rights of printing and reprinting of the material published to the journal Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía Medellín. Any quotation of the articles published in the journal should be made given the respective credits to the journal and its content. In case content duplication of the journal or its partial or total publication in another language, there must be written permission of the Director.
Content Responsibility
The Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and the journal are not necessarily responsible or in solidarity with the concepts issued in the published articles, whose responsibility will be entirely the author or the authors.
