Gamma ray irradiation (Co60) of lulo with and without thorns calluses and seedlings (Solanum quitoense Lam.) produced in vitro

Published

2020-09-01

Irradiación con rayos gamma (Co60) de callos y plántulas de lulo con y sin espinas (Solanum quitoense Lam.) producidas in vitro

Keywords:

Genetic variation, Mutagenesis, Naranjilla, RAM, Survival (en)
Variación genética, Mutagénesis, Naranjilla, RAM, Supervivencia (es)

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Authors

Hernando Criollo-Escobar Universidad de Nariño https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8690-4486
Johanna Muñoz-Belalcázar Universidad de Nariño https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4466-192X

Abstract (en)
Abstract (es)

The cultivation of lulo de Castilla (Solanum quitoense Lam.) in Colombia is subject to a series of sanitary problems, which has forced many producers to abandon the crop as a result of the total loss of plantations or to transfer the crop to new areas. It is necessary to implement breeding programs in order to produce varieties that are tolerant to the limiting problems. Since these programs require broad genetic variability in the progenitors, the present study aimed to evaluate the possibility of inducing in vitro variability in explants subjected to different doses of gamma radiation using a Co⁶⁰ source. The evaluated radiation doses were 0 Gy, 15 Gy, 30 Gy, 45 Gy, and 60 Gy in calluses induced with cotyledonary leaves and in seedlings from in vitro cultures of lulo with and without thorns. The survival and regeneration potential were also evaluated. The calluses were the explants that showed the highest survival, and the lulo seedlings without thorns were the most radiosensitive with a mortality of 100% at a dose of 30 Gy. The lulo seedlings with thorns had 100% mortality at a dose of 45 Gy. The irradiated lulo seedlings with thorns had a greater regeneration capacity than the lulo without thorns, with 1.52 seedling per explant and 1.12 seedling per explant, respectively, and the RAM markers showed genetic variability in all the irradiation treatments.

El cultivo de lulo de Castilla (Solanum quitoense Lam.) en Colombia está sometido a una serie de problemas principalmente de índole sanitario, que han obligado a muchos productores al abandono del cultivo por la pérdida total de las plantaciones o al traslado del cultivo a zonas nuevas, por lo cual se hace necesario la implementación de programas de mejoramiento para la búsqueda de variedades tolerantes a los problemas limitantes. Teniendo en cuenta que estos programas requieren una amplia variabilidad genética de sus progenitores, el presente estudio se orientó a evaluar la posibilidad de inducir variabilidad in vitro, de explantes sometidos a diferentes dosis de radiaciones gamma utilizando una fuente de Co⁶⁰. Se evaluaron dosis de radiación con 0 Gy, 15 Gy, 30 Gy, 45 Gy y 60 Gy en callos inducidos a partir de hojas cotiledonares y en plántulas provenientes de cultivos in vitro de lulo con y sin espinas. La supervivencia y el potencial de regeneración también fueron evaluados. Los callos fueron los explantes que presentaron mayor supervivencia y las plántulas de lulo sin espinas las más radiosensitivas con una mortalidad del 100% a una dosis de 30 Gy; las plántulas de lulo con espinas tuvieron una mortalidad del 100% con una dosis de 45 Gy. Las plántulas irradiadas de lulo con espinas tuvieron mayor capacidad de regeneración que las de lulo sin espinas con 1,52 plántulas por explante y 1,12 plántulas por explante, respectivamente; además, los marcadores RAM mostraron variabilidad genética con todos los tratamientos de irradiación estudiados.

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