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In situ assessment of Jatropha curcas germplasm under tropical dry forest conditions in Manabí-Ecuador
Evaluación in situ de germoplasma de Jatropha curcas bajo condiciones de bosque seco tropical en Manabí-Ecuador
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v73n3.85788Keywords:
Biodiesel, Genetic gain, Genetics parameters, Heritability, Jatropha curcas (en)Biocombustible, Ventaja genética, Parámetros genéticos, Heredabilidad, Jatropha curcas (es)
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Jatropha germplasm accessions need an assessment of their traits to evaluate the nature and magnitude of the genetic variability among accessions. The objective of this research was to evaluate the phenotypic behavior of 130 Jatropha curcas L. (Jatropha) accessions and the genetic variability of selected Jatropha accessions. The selected variables were assessed between 2008-2014 based on the number of fruits per tree (FP), the number of seeds per fruit (SpF), weight of 100 dry seeds (100SW), seed length (SL), seed width (SW), smallest deviation standard as regular seed production (RP), highest deviation standard as irregular seed production (IP), seed oil content (Oil), seed production in g per tree (SP). Correspondence Analysis techniques were also applied in selected elite Jatropha accessions. The genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficient between seed length, seed width, 100-seed weight and oil content for selected Jatropha accessions were applied. Variance, genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation, heritability (broad-sense) and genetic advance were calculated for several Jatropha phenotypic characteristics. CP041, CP052, CP037, CP054, CP060, CP122, CP118, CP120, CP121 INIAP Jatropha accessions were selected basically for SP and FP. A high statistically significant correlation (genotypic and phenotypic) between seed length – seed width was obtained from the chosen Jatropha accessions. Genetic association in the characteristics of growth and production highlighted the low phenotypic diversity in the Jatropha Portoviejo Research Station (EEP) of the National Institute for Agricultural and Cattle Ranching Research (INIAP) germplasm bank. There is an urgent need to improve the germplasm resource by obtaining new accessions, mainly from countries considered as centers of origin of the species.
Los bancos de germoplasma de Jatropha necesitan una evaluación de sus rasgos para evaluar la naturaleza y la magnitud de la variabilidad genética entre accesiones. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el comportamiento fenotípico de 130 accesiones de Jatropha curcas L. (Jatropha) y luego analizar la variabilidad genética de las accesiones seleccionadas. La primera evaluación fue entre 2008-2014 con base en el número de frutos por árbol (FP), número de semillas por fruto (SpF), peso de 100 semillas secas (100SW), longitud de semilla (SL), ancho de semilla (SW), menor desviación estándar para la producción de semilla regular (RP), mayor desviación estándar para producción de semilla irregular (IP), contenido de aceite de semillas (Oil), producción de semilla en g por árbol (SP) y se aplicaron técnicas de análisis de correspondencia para la selección de las accesiones de Jatropha élite. Coeficiente de correlación genotípica-fenotípica entre longitud -ancho de semilla, peso de 100 semillas y contenido de aceite para accesiones seleccionadas de Jatropha. Se calculó la varianza, el coeficiente de variación genotípico y fenotípico, heredabilidad (sentido amplio) y ventaja genética para algunas características fenotípicas. Las accesiones INIAP CP041, CP052, CP037, CP054, CP060, CP122, CP118, CP120, CP121 fueron seleccionadas básicamente por su SP y FP. Se obtuvo una alta correlación estadísticamente significativa (genotípica y fenotípica) entre el ancho y longitud de la semilla de las accesiones de Jatropha seleccionadas. La asociación genética entre las características de crecimiento y producción resaltó la baja diversidad fenotípica del banco de germoplasma de Jatropha EEP- INIAP. Existe la urgente necesidad de mejorar el recurso de germoplasma mediante la obtención de nuevas accesiones principalmente, en países donde que se consideran centros de origen de la especie.
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