Physical, physiological, physicochemical and nutritional characterization of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) in postharvest stage cultivated in Antioquia-Colombia
Caracterización física, fisiológica, fisicoquímica y nutricional de la auyama (Cucurbita maxima) en la etapa de postcosecha cultivada en Antioquia-Colombia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v74n3.90820Keywords:
Color coordinates, Firmness , Respiratory rate , Total carotenoids (en)Coordenadas de color , Firmeza , Tasa de respiración, Carotenoides totales (es)
Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima), also called squash is a mass consumption fruit used in agroindustrial transformations to obtain new food products. This study aimed to evaluate the physical, physiological and physicochemical properties during a storage period of 42 days and the nutritional compounds of the freshly harvested fruit fractions. According to the CIEL*a*b* space, both the pulp and peel did not present significant changes in L* and a* values during the evaluated storage time; however, in the peel, a change in the b* values was evidenced. In addition, there was a decrease in the firmness of 10.8% in the fruit with peel and in the pulp, it was of 19.8% was observed, with a whole fruit weight loss of 2.33% and an average respiration rate of 6.9 mg CO2 kg-1h-1. According to physicochemical characteristics evaluated in the pulp, the values of pH, percentage of humidity, acidity, water activity and total soluble solids had no statistically significant changes occurred during the storage time. At the nutritional level, pumpkin is a good source of minerals, with a high concentration of potassium in all its fractions, and also has in total carotenoids (4.11±1.6 mg of β-carotene g-1 oven dry (o.d) in pulp and 6.24±2.7 mg of β-carotene g-1 (o.d) in peel). It was possible to conclude that the pumpkin has a low respiration rate, maintaining its physicochemical characteristics suitable for consumption throughout the evaluation period, presenting suitable conditions.
La calabaza (Cucurbita maxima), también llamada auyama es una fruta de consumo masivo, utilizada en transformaciones agroindustriales para la obtención de nuevos productos alimenticios. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar las propiedades físicas, fisiológicas y fisicoquímica durante a un periodo de almacenamiento de 42 días y nutricionales de las fracciones del fruto recién cosechado. Para las coordenadas del color CIEL*a*b*, los valores de L* y a* tanto para la pulpa y cáscara no presentaron cambios significativos durante el tiempo de almacenamiento evaluado, pero sí presentó cambios en los valores de b* en la cáscara del fruto. Además, se observó una disminución en la firmezafuerza de 10,8% en el fruto con cáscara y en la pulpa de 19,8%, con una pérdida peso de fruto entero del 2,33% y una tasa de respiración promedio de 6,9 mg CO2 kg-1 h-1. De acuerdo a las características fisicoquímicas evaluadas en la pulpa del fruto, pH, porcentaje de humedad, acidez, actividad de agua y sólidos solubles totales no se presentaron cambios estadísticamente significativos durante el tiempo de almacenamiento. A nivel nutricional la auyama es una buena fuente de minerales, destacando la alta concentración de potasio en todas sus fracciones, y también en carotenoides totales (4,11 mg de β-caroteno g-1 (b.s.) en la pulpa y 6,24 mg de β-caroteno g-1 base seca (b.s.) en la cáscara). El fruto vegetal de la auyama bajo condiciones normales de almacenamiento presenta una baja tasa de respiración manteniendo sus características fisicoquímicas aptas para el consumo durante todo el periodo de evaluación, presentando condiciones adecuadas para el desarrollo de productos agroindustriales que permitan darle valor agregado durante el período de evaluación.
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