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Effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on the growth and production of soybean (Glycine max) in dry land
Estudio de la aplicación de fertilizantes orgánicos y químicos en la producción de soya (Glycine max) en suelo seco
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v74n3.90967Keywords:
nutrients, depletion, compost, manure, protein, yield, Compost, Depletion, Manure, Nutrients, Yield (en)Vermicompost, Agotamiento, Estiércol, Nutrientes, Rendimiento (es)
Soybean is known for its high protein content, which is the reason why it is widely used as one of the main food sources for humans and animals. In order to optimize soybean growth, farmers tend to add excessive dosage of chemical fertilizer to this crop. Furthermore, a continuous chemical fertilizer application without organic fertilizer addition may cause a rapid depletion of nutrients in the soil. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of organic fertilizer treatment to reduce the amount of urea as chemical fertilizer needed in soybean cultivation. A complete randomized design was conducted using 21 treatments of organic and chemical fertilizer in triplicate with a 4x3 m plot size. Analysis of variance was carried out to compare the means of measurement data and Duncan multiple range test (DMRT 5%) was applied. The treatment 2,000 kg ha-1 compost + 50 kg ha-1 urea (O2K2A1) resulted the highest dry yield in soybean and had significant differences with urea-only treatment. A mixture of chemical and organic fertilizers had no significant result over the yield compared to the use of chemical fertilizer only. Compost application of 1,000-2,000 kg ha-1 with urea 50-100 kg ha-1 (O2K2A1 and O 2K1A2) showed an increase in seed yield of 35-38 % with a profit reaching 333-340 USD ha-1 compared to standard treatment using urea 50 kg ha -1 + SP-36 50 kg ha-1 + 50 KCl kg ha-1 (O0K0A1).
La soya es conocida por su alto contenido en proteínas, por lo que es ampliamente usada como una de las principales fuentes de alimento para los seres humanos y animales. Para optimizar el crecimiento de la soja, los agricultores tienden a agregar una dosis excesiva de fertilizante químico a este cultivo. Además, una aplicación continua de fertilizantes químicos sin la adición de fertilizantes orgánicos puede causar un rápido agotamiento de los nutrientes en el suelo. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la efectividad del tratamiento con fertilizantes orgánicos para reducir la cantidad de urea como fertilizante químico necesario en dicho cultivo. Se realizó una combinación de 21 tratamientos de fertilizante orgánico y químico, con diseño completamente aleatorio. Se llevó a cabo un análisis de varianza para comparar las medias de los datos de medición y se aplicó con la prueba de rango múltiple de Duncan (DMRT 5%). Los resultados mostraron que el tratamiento con 2.000 kg ha-1 de compost + 50 kg ha-1 urea (O2K2A1) obtuvo el mayor rendimiento (en peso seco) de soya y mostró diferencias significativas con la aplicación de urea a dosis similares que fueron suministradas sin compost. Una mezcla de fertilizantes químicos y orgánicos no tuvo un resultado significativo
sobre el rendimiento en comparación con el uso de fertilizantes químicos solamente. La aplicación de 1.000-2.000 kg ha-1 compost + 50-100 kg ha-1 urea (O2K2A1) y (O2K1A2) obtuvo un aumento en el rendimiento de semillas de 35-38% con una ganancia de USD 333-340 ha-1 en comparación con la fertilización estándar de 50 kg ha-1 urea + 50 SP-36 kg ha-1 + 50 KCl kg ha-1 (O0K0A1).
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