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Cadmium in soil and cacao beans of Peruvian and South American origin
Cadmio en suelos y granos de cacao de origen peruano y sudamericano
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v74n2.91107Keywords:
Bioaccumulation, cadmium in almonds, Latin American cocoa, geo distribution, treatment technology (en)Bioacumulación, cadmio en almendras, cacao Latino Americano, geo distribución, tecnologías de tratamiento. (es)
Cadmium tends to bioaccumulate in different parts of cacao plant and its consumption can lead to serious health complications; due to this, the European Union (EU) established limits for tolerable concentrations of cadmium in cacao products as a preventive measure, which took effect as of January 2019. In South America and Peru, a sustained growth in cacao production has been recorded over the last 10 years, but scientific studies reveal that in some areas the cadmium levels of the soil and cacao beans exceed those established by the EU, thus, jeopardizing marketing and export possibilities to the EU. With this in mind, the purpose of this review was to compile information on the cadmium that is available in the soil, its accumulation in cacao beans, and the advances in treatment technologies; as well as to analyze the potential effects this has on cacao exports of South American origin, using Peru as a case analysis.
El cadmio tiende a bioacumularse en distintas partes de la planta de cacao y su consumo puede conducir a graves complicaciones de salud; por ello, como medida preventiva, la Unión Europea (UE) estableció concentraciones tolerables de cadmio a productos derivados del cacao, el cual entró en vigencia desde enero del 2019. En Sudamérica y el Perú la producción de cacao registra un crecimiento sostenido en los últimos 10 años y estudios científicos revelan que algunas zonas presentan niveles de cadmio en suelos y granos que superan lo establecido por la UE, poniendo en riesgo sus posibilidades de comercialización y exportación hacia la UE. En ese sentido, el propósito de esta revisión fue compilar información sobre el cadmio disponible en suelos y su acumulación en granos de cacao, los avances en tecnologías de tratamiento y analizar los potenciales efectos en las exportaciones del cacao de origen sudamericano, tomando Perú como análisis de caso.
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