Larvicidal activity of vegetable oils against Aedes aegypti larvae
Actividad larvicida de aceites vegetales contra larvas de Aedes aegypti
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v74n2.91486Keywords:
mosquito; vegetable larvicide; dengue; alternative control (en)mosquito; larvicida vegetal; dengue; control alternativo (es)
Aedes aegypti L. is the mosquito vector of yellow fever, dengue, zika, and chikungunya viruses. The prevention and control of such diseases usually rely on the use of chemicals, that can cause harm to human health and the environment. Vegetable oils with larvicidal activity are used as an alternative tool to control this insect. This study aimed to evaluate the larvicidal activity of vegetable oils from Caryocar coriaceum, Mauritia fIexuosa, Carapa guianensis, Copaifera langsdorffii, Ricinus communis and Cocos nucifera against A. aegypti larvae. The experiment was divided into two bioassays. In the first, a completely randomized design was used with seven treatments (six vegetable oils at 500 ppm and one control with four replications). The number of dead larvae was evaluated 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h after exposure. In the second bioassay, the most efficient vegetable oils from the first bioassay (C. coriaceum and M. flexuosa) were used at the concentrations of 0, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, and 2500 ppm, with four replications. The number of dead larvae was evaluated according to the first bioassay. All oils used had larvicidal activity on third instar stage larvae of A. aegypti, with greater efficiency 120 h after exposure. The oils of C. coriaceum and M. flexuosa at 2500 ppm had the best efficacy in the larvae control. The LD10, LD50, and LD90 of M. flexuosa oil recommended for controlling larvae are 234, 648, and 1794 ppm, respectively.
Aedes aegypti L. es el mosquito que transmite el virus de la fiebre amarilla, el dengue, el zika y el chikungunya. La prevención y el control de tales enfermedades generalmente dependen del uso de productos químicos, que causan daños al hombre y al medio ambiente. Por ello, los aceites vegetales con acción larvicida se utilizan como alternativa para controlar este insecto. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el potencial larvicida de aceites vegetales de Caryocar coriaceum, Mauritia flexuosa, Carapa guianensis, Copaifera langsdorffii, Ricinus communis y Cocos nucifera contra A. aegypti. El experimento se dividió en dos bioensayos. En el primero se realizó un diseño completamente al azar con siete tratamientos (seis aceites vegetales a 500 ppm y un control y cuatro repeticiones). Se evaluó el número de larvas muertas a las 24, 48, 72, 96 y 120 h de exposición. En el segundo bioensayo, se utilizaron los aceites vegetales más eficientes (C. coriaceum y M. flexuosa) en concentraciones 0, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 y 2500 ppm, con cuatro repeticiones. El número de larvas muertas se evaluó según el primer bioensayo. Todos los aceites utilizados tienen efecto larvicida sobre larvas de A. aegypti de tercer estadio, con mayor eficacia a las 120 h de exposición. Los aceites de C. coriaceum y M. flexuosa mostraron mejor eficacia en el control de larvas, siendo la dosis de 2500 ppm la más recomendada. El LD10, LD50 y LD90 del aceite de M. flexuosa recomendado para controlar larvas son 234, 648 y 1794 ppm, respectivamente.
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