Response of soybean crop with different combinations of seed treatment and application of nitrogen, cobalt, and molybdenum topdressing
Respuesta del cultivo de soja con diferentes combinaciones de tratamiento de semillas y aplicación de nitrógeno, cobalto y molibdeno como cobertura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v74n3.92760Keywords:
Biological nitrogen fixation, Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Glycine max L., Nodules, Seed treatment (en)Fijación biológica de nitrógeno, Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Glycine max L, Nódulos, Tratamiento de semillas (es)
Nitrogen is the element most demanded by the soybean crop, and the biological fixation of atmospheric nitrogen is the main means to supply it. In contrast, micronutrients and chemical treatments applied on seeds together with the inoculant can alter the phenomenon of biological fixation of atmospheric nitrogen. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of chemical products, micronutrients, and nitrogen fertilization on the nodulation, development, and yield of soybean. The experiment was developed in a field and a greenhouse in the municipality of Toledo, Brazil. A randomized block with four repetitions was used as an experimental design. This design had eight treatments, namely: T1 - Control (seeds treated with insecticide); T2 - Seeds treated with insecticides and inoculated with Bradyrhizobium; T3 - Untreated seeds inoculated with Bradyrhizobium; T4 Seeds treated with insecticides and cobalt-molybdenum (CoMo), inoculated with Bradyrhizobium; T5 - Seeds with CoMo inoculated with Bradyrhizobium; T6 - Seeds treated with insecticides, inoculated with Bradyrhizobium and with foliar application of CoMo; T7 - Seeds treated with insecticides, inoculated with Bradyrhizobium and with the application of nitrogen in cover; T8 - Seeds treated with nitrogen by broadcast. No significant differences were observed between treatments on the nodules numbers, stem diameter, plant height, root length, the mass of 1000 grains, and yield. The application of nitrogen at the R2 stage (a plant with an open flower in one of the two uppermost nodes of the main stem with a fully developed leaf) and in association with the inoculant + CoMo without seed treatment provided a greater number of nodes, pods, and grains per plant.
El nitrógeno es el elemento que presenta mayor demanda por parte del cultivo de soja, y la fijación biológica del nitrógeno atmosférico el principal medio para abastecerlo. En cambio, micronutrientes y tratamientos químicos aplicados a la semilla conjuntamente con el inoculante pueden alterar dicha fijación biológica de nitrógeno. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de productos químicos, micronutrientes y de la fertilizacion nitrogenada, en la nodulacion, desarrollo y rendimiento de la soya. El experimento fue desarrollado en campo y en invernadero en el municipio de Toledo, Brasil. El diseño experimental utilizado fue el de bloques al azar, con cuatro repeticiones. Los tratamientos fueron: T1 Control (semillas tratadas con insecticida); T2 - Semillas tratadas con insecticidas e inoculadas con Bradyrhizobium; T3 - Semillas no tratadas inoculadas con Bradyrhizobium; T4 - Semillas tratadas con insecticidas y cobalto-molibdeno (CoMo), inoculadas con Bradyrhizobium; T5 - Semillas con CoMo inoculadas con Bradyrhizobium; T6 - Semillas tratadas con insecticidas, inoculadas con Bradyrhizobium y con aplicación de CoMo vía foliar; T7 - Semillas tratadas con insecticidas, inoculadas con Bradyrhizobium y con aplicación de nitrógeno encubierta; T8 - Semillas
tratadas con nitrógeno al voleo. No se observaron diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos sobre el número de nódulos, diametro de la tallo principal, altura de planta, longitud de raiz, masa de 1000 granos y rendimiento. La aplicacion de nitrógeno en la etapa R2 y la asociación del inoculante + CoMo sin tratamiento de semilla proporcionó mayor número de nudos, vainas y granos por planta.
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