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Grafting effect on photosynthetic activity and yield of tomato under a plastic house in Colombia
Efecto del portainjerto sobre la actividad fotosintética y el rendimiento del tomate cultivado bajo cubierta en Colombia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v74n3.93102Keywords:
Fruit yield , Photosynthesis, Quantum yield , Scion-rootstock interaction (en)Rendimiento de fruta, Fotosíntesis , Rendimiento cuántico, Interacción patrónvástago (es)
Grafting is an effective approach to improve tomato yield and for tolerance to various abiotic and biotic stresses. This technique consists of using a vigorous or resistant plant (rootstock) to replace the root system of a genotype of economic interest (scion) but susceptible to one or more stress factors. The present work aimed to evaluate the physiological and productive response of a commercial tomato scion grafted on different rootstocks in Colombia’s high-Andean region. For this purpose, a tomato cv. Libertador was grafted on two commercial (“Olimpo” and “Armada”) tomato rootstocks in a randomized complete block experimental design. Four scion×rootstock combinations were evaluated by vigor rootstock, resistant rootstock, self-grafting, and non-grafted plants. Net photosynthesis, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, and radiation use efficiency were evaluated during six phenological stages (701, 704, 706, 708, 710, and 712), according to the BBCH scale; while the leaf area index and quantum yield were analyzed in five phenological stages (except 706). The highest values of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, water and radiation use efficiency were registered in the initial phase of the production stage (701), which tended to decline at the end of the life cycle (712). Transpiration rate was similar throughout the growth cycle. Nevertheless, vigor rootstock presented the lowest photosynthesis rate; it was superior in terms of leaf area index, leaves dry matter, and tomato yield. The quantum yield values of the photosystem II did not indicate photochemical injuries in any of the scion×rootstock combinations. The higher tomato yield was reached in vigor rootstock and was associated with a more significant accumulation of dry matter in the leaf and higher leaf area index.
La injertación se considera una herramienta eficaz para contrarrestar múltiples factores bióticos y abióticos que limitan la producción del tomate. Esta técnica consiste en utilizar una planta vigorosao resistente (portainjerto) para reemplazar el sistema radical de un genotipo de interés económico (vástago) pero susceptible a uno o más factores de estrés. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar la respuesta fisiológica y productiva de un vástago comercial de tomate injertado en diferentes patrones bajo condiciones de la región altoandina de Colombia. Para este propósito, el cultivar de tomate Libertador fue injertado sobre dos patrones comerciales de tomate (“Olimpo” y “Armada”) en un diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Se evaluaron cuatro combinaciones de copa portainjerto: portainjerto de vigor, portainjerto resistente, auto injertación y plantas no injertadas. La fotosíntesis neta, la tasa de transpiración, la conductancia estomática, el uso eficiente del agua y el uso eficiente de la radiación se evaluaron durante seis etapas fenológicas (701, 704, 706, 708, 710 y 712), según la escala BBCH, mientras que el índice de área foliar y el rendimiento cuántico fueron analizados en cinco etapas fenológicas (excepto 706). Los valores más altos de fotosíntesis neta, conductancia estomática, uso eficiente del agua y uso eficiente de la radiación se registraron en la fase inicial de la etapa de producción (701), con una reducción al final del ciclo de vida del tomate (712). Aunque el tratamiento vigor presentó la menorfotosíntesis neta, este fue superior en términos de índice de área foliar, materia seca de hojas y rendimiento de frutos de tomate. Los valores del rendimiento cuántico del fotosistema II no indicaron lesiones fotoquímicas en ninguna de las combinaciones de injerto y portainjerto. El mayor rendimiento de frutos se alcanzó con el uso de un portainjerto de vigor y se asoció con una acumulación más significativa de materia seca en la hoja y un mayor índice de área foliar.
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