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Agri-food safety optimized by blockchain technology: review
Seguridad agroalimentaria optimizada por medio de la tecnología blockchain: revisión
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v75n1.95760Keywords:
Agri-food sector , Blockchain technology , Food supply , Health surveillance, Traceability , Trust (en)Sector agroalimentario , Tecnología blockchain , Suministro de alimentos , Vigilancia de la salud , Trazabilidad , Confianza (es)
Blockchain technology is a distributed database, an innovation tool in the agri-food supply chain in processes such as production, distribution, marketing. In this research work, the blockchain technology application in agri-food security processes was evaluated, establishing the best conditions for its adoption in companies, this proposal synthesizes the contributions as a disruptive technology, for this, the information was collected from the period 2018-2020 from the Scopus and Web of Science bases, performing an analysis of the information using the Atlas TI 8.4 software, establishing the focus of the research on a network of codes suggested by some authors. It was found that the contribution of Blockchain for the years of study was traceability 26%, supply chain 17.5%, technological development 10.4%, trust 9.8%, among others. It is concluded that establishing the theoretical link between technology and traceability processes in supply chains, traceability in the agri-food sector is essential to certify information of interest to the stakeholder group. This is because traceability is the transcendental element of the food safety system that allows guaranteeing control in the supply chain when processes are being recorded and enriching the databases, which can be available to the final consumer to check the details of the production cycle and that technological elements generate competitiveness in companies with blockchain in their procedures, promote high levels of transparency, data security, decentralization, among other terms associated with trust, and a better relationship with the consumer is developed and a greater number of sale increasing profitability.
La tecnología Blockchain es una base de datos distribuida, una herramienta de innovación en la cadena de suministro agroalimentario en procesos como: producción, distribución, mercadeo. En este trabajo de investigación documental se evaluó la aplicación de la tecnología Blockchain en los procesos de seguridad agroalimentaria, estableciendo las mejores condiciones para su adopción en las empresas, esta propuesta sintetiza los aportes como tecnología disruptiva, para ello se recolectó información entre 2018 -2020 a partir de las bases Scopus y Web of Science, realizando un análisis de la información utilizando el programa Atlas TI 8.4, estableciendo el foco de la investigación en una red de códigos sugeridos por algunos autores. Se encontró que el aporte de Blockchain para los años de estudio fueron trazabilidad 26%, cadena de suministro 17.5%, desarrollo tecnológico 10.4%, confianza 9.8%, entre otros. Se concluye que, estableciendo el vínculo teórico entre tecnología y procesos de trazabilidad en las cadenas de suministro, la trazabilidad en el sector agroalimentario es fundamental para certificar información para el grupo de interés. Esto porque la trazabilidad es el elemento trascendental del sistema de seguridad alimentaria que permite garantizar el control en la cadena de suministro cuando se están registrando los procesos y enriqueciendo las bases de datos, que pueden estar a disposición del consumidor final para verificar los detalles del ciclo de producción y que los elementos tecnológicos generen competitividad en empresas con blockchain en sus trámites, que promuevan altos niveles de transparencia, seguridad de datos, descentralización entre otros términos asociados a la confianza y se desarrolle una mejor relación con el consumidor y mayor número de ventas aumentando la rentabilidad.
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