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Forage quality in a neotropical savanna based on different types of fertilization
Calidad del forraje en una sabana neotropical basada en diferentes tipos de fertilización
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v75n2.96791Keywords:
agroecosystems, biomass, nitrogen fixation, cover crop (en)Agroecosistema, biomasa, fijación de nitrógeno, cultivo de cobertura (es)
The application of different sources of nutrients to the soil with varying degrees of solubility, as well as the use of organic and inorganic fertilizers, can generate different responses in agroecosystems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different fertilization options on the quality of forage in the conservation-based agroecosystems of neotropical savannas. Both perennial species Brachiaria dictyoneura and the legume Centrosema macrocarpum are associated with corn cultivation. Four fertilization treatments were evaluated within each cover crop, applying 150 kg ha-1 of nitrogen, 150 kg ha-1 of P2O5, 100 kg ha-1 of K2O, and varying the source of phosphorus, being the treatments distributed as follows: i) phosphoric rock, high dose of phosphorus (100% of P2O5 as phosphoric rock), ii) diammonium phosphate, high dose of P (50% of P2O5 as phosphoric rock and 50% as diammonium phosphate), iii) biological fertilization, low dose of P (25% of P2O5 as phosphoric rock and inoculation with biofertilizer based on native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, such as Gigaspora, Scutellospora, Acaulospora, and Glomus), and finally, iv) the unfertilized treatment. The results show that under direct sowing and the use of biological fertilization sources using phosphoric rock as a source of P, similar and even higher levels of raw protein can be reached than when using fertilization with soluble sources such as the diammonium phosphate, which induce greater sustainability of the cover biomass, being an alternative in the management of this types of agroecosystems.
La aplicación de distintas fuentes de nutrientes al suelo, con variados grados de solubilidad, así como el uso de fertilizantes de tipo orgánico e inorgánico, pueden generar diferentes respuestas en los agroecosistemas. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de diferentes opciones de fertilización sobre la calidad del forraje en el manejo conservacionista de sabanas neotropicales. Las especies introducidas fueron Brachiaria dictyoneura y la leguminosa Centrosema macrocarpum, ambas perennes, asociadas al cultivo de maíz. Dentro de cada cobertura se evaluaron cuatro tratamientos de fertilización, aplicando 150 kg ha-1 de nitrógeno, 150 kg ha-1 de P2O5, 100 kg ha-1 de K2O, y variando la fuente de fósforo, quedando los tratamientos distribuidos de la siguiente forma: i) roca fosfórica, dosis alta de fósforo (100% del P2O5 como roca fosfórica), ii) fosfato diamónico, dosis alta de P (50% del P2O5 como roca fosfórica y 50% como fosfato diamónico , iii) fertilización biológica, dosis baja de P (25% del P2O5 como roca fosfórica e inoculación con biofertilizante a base de hongos micorrízicos arbusculares nativos, como Gigaspora, Scutellospora, Acaulospora y Glomus) y por último, iv) el tratamiento sin fertilizar. Los resultados permiten concluir que bajo siembra directa y uso de fuentes de fertilización biológica empleando roca fosfórica como fuente de P, se pueden alcanzar niveles de proteína cruda similares e incluso mayores, que al utilizar fertilización con fuentes solubles como el fosfato diamonio, por lo cual se induce a una mayor sostenibilidad de la biomasa de las coberturas, siendo una alternativa en el manejo de este tipo de agroecosistemas
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