Influence of fertilization on the crop rotation productivity and the balance of essential nutrients in the soil
Influencia de la fertilización en la rotación de cultivos de campo sobre su productividad y el equilibrio de nutrientes esenciales en el suelo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v75n2.98290Keywords:
Luvic chernozem, Nitrogen, Phosphorus , Potassium (en)Chernozem lúvico , Nitrógeno, Fósforo , Potasio (es)
The article shows the influence of different rates and combinations of mineral fertilizers on the balance of essential nutrients in the four-field crop rotation (winter wheat, corn, spring barley, and soybean) during eight years in the context of incorporation into the soil or removal of a non-commercial part of the yield of the field. The stationary field experiment was performed on the black podzolized heavy loamy soil of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe. The experiment scheme included 11 variants of combinations and separate applications of mineral fertilizers as well as control variants without fertilization. It has been established that in the annual removal of nutrients together with grain harvest nitrogen makes up the biggest share (64.4–149.9 kg hа-1), then phosphorus – 21.1–51.4 kg hа-1 depending on the fertilizing in the crop rotation. The variant of the experiment N110P60K40 provides the optimal intensity of the balance of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (103, 122, and 111%, respectively) when a non- marketable part of the yield is left for fertilizing in the field. When this part of the yield is removed from the field there is a deficit balance of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium with the intensity (76, 76, 61%, respectively) even in the variant with the annual average application of N110P60K80. The use of non-marketable agricultural products in crop rotation for fertilization and the average annual application of N110P30–60K40–80 allows compensation for the losses of nitrogen 24%, phosphorus 33%, and potassium 71%
El artículo muestra una influencia de los primeros ocho años de un experimento a largo plazo de diferentes dosis y combinaciones de fertilizantes minerales sobre el equilibrio de nutrientes esenciales en la rotación en cuatro años de cuatro campos (trigo de invierno, maíz, cebada de primavera, soja) en el contexto de la incorporación en el suelo o la eliminación de la parte no comercial del rendimiento del campo. El experimento de campo se implantó en el suelo negro podzolizado pesado franco de las Bosques-Estepas de la orilla derecha. El esquema experimental incluye 11 variantes de combinaciones y aplicación separada de fertilizantes minerales, así como la variante de control sin fertilización. Se ha establecido que en la eliminación anual de nutrientes junto con la cosecha de granos, el nitrógeno constituye la mayor parte (64,4–149,9 kg ha-1), luego el fósforo – 21,1–51,4 kg ha-1 dependiendo de la fertilización en la rotación de cultivos. La variante del experimento N110P60K40 proporciona la intensidad óptima del equilibrio de nitrógeno, fósforo y potasio (103, 122 y 111%, respectivamente) cuando una parte no comercializable del rendimiento se deja para fertilización en el campo. Cuando esta parte del rendimiento se elimina del campo, hay un déficit de nitrógeno, fósforo y potasio con la intensidad (76, 76 y 61%, respectivamente) incluso en la variante con la aplicación media anual de N110P60K80. El uso de productos vegetales no comercializables de la rotación de cultivos para la fertilización y la aplicación media anual de N110P60K80 permite compensar las pérdidas de nitrógeno en un 24%, fósforo en un 33% y potasio en un 71%.
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