Impacto de la educación virtual y del retorno total a clases presenciales en la salud mental de población pediátrica en pandemia y postpandemia por COVID-19

Publicado

2023-07-01

Impact of online learning and the full return to face-to-face classes on the mental health of pediatric population during and after the COVID-19 pandemic

Impacto de la educación virtual y del retorno total a clases presenciales en la salud mental de población pediátrica en pandemia y postpandemia por COVID-19

Palabras clave:

Coronavirus Infections, Students, Mental Health, Social Isolation, Pandemics (en)
Infecciones por coronavirus, Estudiantes, Salud mental, Aislamiento social, Pandemias (es)

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Autores/as

Sandra Elizabeth Piñeros-Ortiz Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá - Facultad de Medicina - Departamento de Psiquiatría - Bogotá D.C. - Colombia. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5951-3797
Marcelo Andrés Hernández-Yasnó Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá - Facultad de Medicina - Departamento de Psiquiatría - Bogotá D.C. - Colombia. | Subred de Servicios de Salud Centro Oriente - Hospital Santa Clara - Unidad de Salud Mental - Bogotá D.C. - Colombia. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0176-0792
Franklin Escobar-Córdoba Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá - Facultad de Medicina - Departamento de Psiquiatría - Bogotá D.C. - Colombia. | Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia - Laboratorio de Sueño- Bogotá D.C. - Colombia. | Fundación Sueño Vigilia Colombiana - Dirección de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación - Bogotá D.C. - Colombia. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-4883

Resumen (en)
Resumen (es)

In March 2020, in an attempt to slow the spread of SARS-CoV-2, several countries closed their schools and switched to online learning. This, together with social distancing, posed a threat to the mental health of children and adolescents attending schools. In this context, access to information technologies was a determining factor for countering social isolation and allowing the continuity of the role of schools in this population.

Several studies have reported that the suspension of face-to-face classes and the use of online learning as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic had positive and negative effects on the mental health of the pediatric population, which were conditioned by individual, family, and socioeconomic factors. On the other hand, the reopening of educational institutions after a prolonged period of social distancing and restrictions on human mobility represented, in terms of development and mental health, both an opportunity and a challenge for children and adolescents and their families.

Taking this into account, the objective of this paper is to reflect on the differential impact that the closure of schools and the implementation of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic had on the development and mental health of school-aged children and adolescents, as well as the potential effects of their return to face-to-face education on these same aspects. We hope that the contents of this reflection will be useful to guide the execution of educational and child mental healthcare actions in future pandemics.

En marzo de 2020 se ordenó el cierre de colegios y la implementación de la educación virtual en muchos países como una medida de control para desacelerar la propagación del SARS-CoV-2, lo que, junto con el distanciamiento social, representó una amenaza para la salud mental de la población infantil y adolescente en edad escolar. En este contexto, el acceso a las tecnologías de la información fue un factor determinante para contrarrestar el aislamiento social y permitir la continuidad del rol escolar en esta población.

Varios estudios han reportado que la suspensión de clases presenciales y el uso de la educación virtual a causa de la pandemia por COVID-19 tuvieron efectos positivos y negativos en la salud mental de la población pediátrica, condicionados por factores individuales, familiares y socioeconómicos. Por otra parte, la reapertura de las instituciones educativas después de un periodo prolongado de distanciamiento social y restricciones de la movilidad humana representó, en términos de desarrollo y salud mental, tanto una oportunidad como un desafío para los niños y adolescentes y sus familias.

Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, el objetivo de este artículo fue reflexionar sobre, por un lado, el impacto diferencial que el cierre de escuelas y la implementación de la educación virtual durante la pandemia por COVID-19 tuvieron en el desarrollo y la salud mental de la población infantil y adolescente en edad escolar, y, por el otro, los potenciales efectos del retorno a la educación presencial en estos mismos aspectos. Esperamos que los contenidos de esta reflexión sean útiles para orientar la implementación de acciones educativas y de cuidados en salud mental infantil en futuras pandemias.

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