Publicado
El cigarrillo: implicaciones para la salud
Cigarette smoke health implications
Palabras clave:
contaminación por humo de tabaco, nicotina, humo, lesión por inhalación de humo, EPOC (enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica), cáncer (neoplasias pulmonares), pulmón, neumopatías, nitrosaminas. (es)tobacco smoke pollution, nicotine, smoke, smoke inhalation injury, pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive, lung neoplasms, lung, lung diseases, nitrosamines (en)
Antecedentes. El consumo de cigarrillo, según cálculos de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), es la causa de por lo menos cuatro millones de muertes al año. Las consecuencias de fumar cigarrillo van desde cambios fisiopatológicos en los sistemas respiratorio, cardiovascular y digestivo, hasta trastornos mentales asociados a la dependencia a la nicotina.
Objetivo. Realizar una revisión narrativa de la literatura médica mostrando los efectos del consumo de cigarrillo sobre la salud física y mental en los fumadores activos y pasivos.
Material y métodos. El artículo se basa en la revisión de artículos a través de la base de datos del MEDLINE y de la biblioteca Virtual de la OMS. Se emplearon en la búsqueda las palabras clave "Cigarette Smoke", "Cancer AND smoke", "COPD AND smoke", "Nicotine Dependence". Se escogieron artículos y libros publicados en idioma inglés entre los años 1994 y 2006, realizando una lectura crítica (análisis de posibles conflictos de interés y errores de diseño).
Conclusión. El humo del cigarrillo contiene partículas potencialmente peligrosas para la salud de quien está expuesto a ellas. De este modo, fumar cigarrillo se convierte en un factor etiológico común a muchos tipos de cáncer. Además los componentes del cigarrillo están relacionados con el desarrollo de otros estados patológicos (enfermedad cardiovascular y enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica). La nicotina, uno de sus componentes, es un potente agente adictivo. Todo esto en su conjunto hace del cigarrillo un importante problema de salud pública.
Background. According to World Health Organization (WHO), cigarette smoke causes four million deaths each year. The consequences of cigarette smoke are phatophysiological changes in pulmonary cardiovascular and digestive systems, and mental dysfunctions associated to nicotine dependence.
Objective. To show the effects of cigarette smoke in active and passive smokers.
Materials and methods. This article is based on search of MEDLINE and WHO library for the terms "Cigarette Smoke", "Cancer AND smoke", "COPD AND smoke", "Nicotine Dependence". All relevant English-language papers published between 1994 and 2006 were retrieved in full.
Conclusions. Cigarette smoke contains particles potentially dangerous for health of active and passive smokers. Cigarette smoke becomes a common etiologic factor to many cancer types. The cigarette's components are also related with the development of other pathological states (Cardiovascular illness and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease). The nicotine, a smoke's component, is a potent addictive agent. All facts make the cigarette an important problem of public health.
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Derechos de autor 2006 Revista de la Facultad de Medicina
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