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Pregestational body mass index and weight gain during pregnancy associated with epidemiological variables and socio-demographic
Índice de masa corporal pregestacional y ganancia de peso durante el embarazo asociado a variables epidemiológicas y sociodemográficas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rsap.v26n1.111293Palabras clave:
Body mass index, gestational obesity, pregestational obesity, pregnancy (en)Índice de masa corporal, obesidad gestacional, obesidad pregestacional, embarazo (es)
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Objective To correlate the pregestational Body Mass Index and weight gain during pregnancy with various epidemiological variables.
Methodology A cross-sectional study was carried out in a third level hospital in Cali, Colombia. Socioeconomic and anthropometric data, obstetric history and general medical history was collected from 300 pregnant women aged between 18 and 37. BMI was calculated at the beginning and end of pregnancy. Statistical analysis of multiple linear regression was performed.
Results An increased BMI at the beginning and end of gestation positively correlated with age (Coefficient = 0.156; p=0.013, Coefficient = 0.153; p=0.011), diagnosis of gestational diabetes (Coefficient = 2.264, p=0.018, Coefficient = 0.153; p=0.011) and concern about weight gain during pregnancy (Coefficient=1.226; p=0.038, Coefficient=1.568; p=0.004). A low BMI correlated negatively with Intrauterine Growth Restriction (Coefficient=-3.208; p=0.005). Furthermore, a higher final BMI positively correlated with a diagnosis of hypertensive disorder (Coefficient=2.733; p≤0.001) and negatively with socioeconomic status (Coefficient=2.239; p=0.045).
Conclusion Excessive weight gain before and during pregnancy is a predictive factor in the appearance of gestational diabetes and hypertensive disorders, differentially affecting women from low socioeconomic backgrounds. While pregnancy is a critical period in a woman’s life which may motivate positive lifestyle changes, excessive weight gain is still not perceived as a health problem.
Objetivo Correlacionar el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) pregestacional y la ganancia de peso durante el embarazo con diversas variables epidemiológicas.
Metodología Se realizó un estudio transversal en un hospital de tercer nivel de Cali, Colombia. Se recogieron datos socioeconómicos, antropométricos, antecedentes obstétricos y antecedentes médicos generales de 300 mujeres embarazadas, con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 37 años. Se calculó el IMC al inicio y al final del embarazo. Se realizó análisis estadístico de regresión lineal múltiple.
Resultados Un aumento del IMC al inicio y al final de la gestación se correlacionó positivamente con la edad (coeficiente=0,156; p=0,013, coeficiente=0,153; p=0,011), diagnóstico de diabetes gestacional (coeficiente=2,264, p=0,018, coeficiente=0,153; p=0,011) y preocupación por el aumento de peso durante el embarazo (coeficiente=1,226; p=0,038, coeficiente=1,568; p=0,004). Un IMC bajo se correlacionó negativamente con la restricción del crecimiento intrauterino (coeficiente = -3,208; p=0,005). Además, un IMC final más alto se correlacionó positivamente con el diagnóstico de trastorno hipertensivo (coeficiente = 2,733; p≤0,001) y negati- vamente con el nivel socioeconómico (coeficiente=2,239; p=0,045).
Conclusión El aumento excesivo de peso antes y durante el embarazo es un factor predictivo en la aparición de diabetes gestacional y trastornos hipertensivos, lo que afecta diferencialmente a mujeres de estratos socioeconómicos bajos. Si bien el embarazo es un período crítico en la vida de una mujer, que puede motivar cambios positivos en el estilo de vida, el aumento excesivo de peso todavía no se percibe como un problema de salud.
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