Respuestas de salud pública para manejo de la COVID-19 en centros reclusión. Revisión de literatura
Public health responses for the management of COVID-19 in detention centers. Literature review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rsap.v22n2.88704Keywords:
Prisiones, prisioneros, infecciones por coronavirus, control de infecciones, revisión, salud pública (es)Prisons, prisoners, coronavirus infections, infection control, review, public health (en)
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Objetivo Identificar en la literatura las recomendaciones para la prevención y control de la COVID-19 en prisiones y centros de detención preventiva, con el fin de caracterizar las líneas de respuesta.
Materiales y Métodos Se identificaron 88 publicaciones en bases datos y repositorios digitales usando términos clave. Luego de aplicar la metodología PRISMA, se seleccionaron 18 publicaciones para realizar el análisis cualitativo. Las publicaciones elegidas refieren a recomendaciones de académicos, investigadores y expertos. Para ilustrar el enfoque de la respuesta gubernamental, se analizan seis publicaciones emitidas por autoridades gubernamentales de Canadá, Bélgica, Francia y Estados Unidos. Se excluyeron publicaciones relacionadas con centros de detención para menores o pacientes psiquiátricos.
Resultados Si bien hay poca literatura, se logró caracterizar las recomendaciones disponibles, agrupándolas en seis líneas de respuesta. En su caracterización resulta primordial el establecimiento de medidas físicas, administrativas, jurídicas, higiénicas y de salubridad. Asimismo, se plantea la necesidad de garantizar el manejo epidemiológico y la adecuación de los servicios de salud en concordancia con la carga de enfermedad y las vulnerabilidades de los detenidos.
Conclusiones La respuesta a la COVID-19 en centros de reclusión es compleja y desafiante. Por ende, las medidas convencionales del orden higiénico, sanitario, médico y epidemiológico no son suficientes. Estas deben ir acompañadas por un ajuste de las políticas criminal y penitenciaria, con el fin de reducir y controlar la densidad poblacional, además de la adaptación permanente de la administración de justicia en función de las medidas de contención, mitigación o supresión de la pandemia.
Objective To identify in the literature the recommendations for the prevention and control of COVID-19 in prisons and other preventive detention centers, in order to characterize the response lines.
Materials and Methods 88 publications were identified in databases and digital repositories using key terms. After applying the PRISMA methodology, 18 publications were selected to carry out the qualitative analysis. The chosen publications refer to recommendations from academics, researchers and experts. 6 publications issued by the Governments of Canada, Belgium, France and United States of America were analyzed to make clear the government perspectives. Publications related to underage and psychiatric patients were not considered.
ResultsAlthough there isn’t enough literature, it was possible to characterize the available recommendations, grouping them into 6 lines of action. Within these lines, the establishment of physical, administrative, legal, hygienic and health measures is considered essential. In addition, it is necessary to ensure the epidemiological management and adaptation of health services based on the burden of disease and susceptibility of the persons under arrest.
Conclusions The response to COVID-19 in detention centers is complex and challenging. Therefore, the conventional steps like hygienic, sanitary, medical and epidemiological care aren’t enough. In fact, the adjustment of criminal and penitentiary policies and the transformation of the justice system are considered essential to reduce and control the residential density.
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