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Efecto del fosfito sobre el crecimiento y la concentración foliar de nutrientes de Solanum licopersicum L.
Effect of phosphite on growth and foliar nutrient concentration of Solanum licopersicum L.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/acag.v71n3.105925Palabras clave:
Arena, Fertilización, Fósforo, Nutrición, Toxicidad (es)sand, fertilization, phosphorus, nutrition, toxicity (en)
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El fosfito (PO33--; Phi) es una forma reducida del fosfato (PO44-; Pi) utilizado en agricultura como fungicida, fertilizante y bioestimulador. En este estudio se valora la capacidad fertilizante del Phi en un cultivo hidropónico de tomates (Solanum licopersicum L.) en sustrato inerte y con iluminación artificial. Se utilizó un diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar con seis tratamientos y cinco repeticiones. Los tratamientos se asignaron siguiendo un modelo factorial (3x2) con tres niveles de Pi (0.05, 1.00 y 2.00 mmol L‑1) y presencia (1.00 mmol L‑1) o ausencia de Phi. La existencia de diferencias significativas entre variables se estableció mediante ANOVA y, en su caso, se aplicó el test de Duncan (P< 0.05) para la separación de medias. El peso seco medio (parte aérea) de las plántulas cultivadas con 2 mmol L-1 de Pi fue superior (4.40 g) al de las cultivadas con 0.05 mmol L-1 de Pi (2.24 g) (P< 0.05), y el de las cultivadas sin Phi (0.00 mmol L-1) fue superior (3.93 g) al de las cultivadas con 1 mmol L-1 de Phi (2.80 g) (P< 0.05). La concentración de Pi en la solución nutritiva influyó sobre la concentración foliar de P, Zn, Cu y Mn, y la de Phi influyó sobre la de P. La interacción Pi x Phi fue significativa para los niveles foliares de P y Zn. Los resultados indican que las plántulas tomaron P en forma de Pi y Phi, pero que únicamente el P suministrado como Pi favoreció su crecimiento.
Phosphite (PO33-; Phi) is a reduced form of phosphate (PO44-; Pi)
used in agriculture as a fungicide, fertilizer and biostimulator. In this study, the fertilizing capacity of Phi was assessed in a hydroponic tomato crop (Solanum licopersicum L.) with different levels of Pi, in an inert substrate and with artificial lighting. A randomized complete block experimental design with six treatments and five replications was used. The treatments were assigned following a factorial model (3 x 2) with three levels of Pi (0.05, 1.00 and 2.00 mmol L-1) and presence (1.00 mmol L-1) or absence of Phi. The existence of significant differences between the variables was established by an ANOVA test and, when appropriate, Duncan's Test (P< 0.05) was applied to separate the means. The average dry weight (aerial part) of the seedlings cultivated with 2 mmol L-1 of Pi was higher (4.40 g) than that of those cultivated with 0.05 mmol L-1 of Pi (2.24 g) (P< 0.05), and the average dry weight of the seedlings cultivated without Phi (0.00 mmol L‑1) was higher (3.93 g) than that of those cultivated with 1 mmol L‑1 of Phi (2.80 g) (P< 0.05). The concentration of Pi in the nutrient solution influenced the foliar concentration of P, Zn, Cu and Mn, and the concentration of Phi influenced that of P. The interaction Pi x Phi was significant for the foliar levels of P and Zn. The results indicate that the seedlings took Pi and Phi, but only the P supplied as Pi favored their growth.
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