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Exploración del microbioma intestinal de larvas de Zophobas morio (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) asociado a una dieta de poliestireno expandido
Exploration of the intestinal microbiome of Zophobas morio larvae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) associated with an expanded polystyrene diet
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/acag.v72n3.112558Palabras clave:
coleópteros, dieta, metabarcoding, poliestireno, Pseudarthrobacter (es)coleoptera, diet, metabarcoding, polystyrene, Pseudarthrobacter (en)
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El poliestireno expandido (EPS) es un polímero sintético de uso común en diferentes industrias y posee una estabilidad molecular que le permite permanecer inmodificable por cientos de años generando un impacto negativo sobre el medio ambiente. Se ha reportado que larvas de coleópteros de la familia Tenebrionidae pueden biodegradarlo gracias a enzimas producidas por su microbiota intestinal. En esta investigación se caracterizó preliminarmente la microbioma intestinal de larvas de Zophobas morio alimentadas con poliestireno (PS) y avena, empleando metabarcoding, mediante secuenciación Illumina Miseq de la región V3-4 del gen 16s del ARNr. Con los resultados de la secuenciación se analizó la composición taxonómica y la abundancia relativa de las bacterias, de lo cual se obtuvo que el género Spiroplasma fue el más abundante en las dietas de PS y avena, y no se encontraron diferencias en los análisis de diversidad alfa. Sin embargo, se destacó el aumento del género Pseudarthrobacter en el microbioma de larvas alimentadas con poliestireno expandido y miembros de la familia Enterobacteriaceae sin asignación taxonómica a nivel de género. La identificación de microorganismos posiblemente asociados a una dieta de poliestireno es el punto de partida de ensayos de caracterización, aislamiento y biorremediación, para la degradación de este material; estos ensayos, además, pueden extenderse a otro tipo de plásticos.
Expanded polystyrene (EPS) is a synthetic polymer commonly used in different industries. It has a molecular stability that allows it to remain unchanged for hundreds of years, negatively impacting the environment. It has been reported that beetle larvae of the Tenebrionidae family can biodegrade it thanks to enzymes produced by their intestinal microbiota. In this research, the intestinal microbiome of Zophobas morio larvae fed with polystyrene (PS) and oat was characterized using metabarcoding, through Illumina Miseq sequencing of the V3-4 region of the 16s rRNA gene. With the results of the sequencing, the taxonomic composition and relative abundance of the bacteria were analyzed, obtaining that the Spiroplasma genus was the most abundant for both PS and oat diets; no differences were found in the alpha diversity analyses. However, the increase in the microbiome of expanded polystyrene-fed larvae of the genus Pseudarthrobacter and members of the family Enterobacteriaceae without taxonomic assignment at the genus level was highlighted. Microorganism identification possibly associated with the polystyrene diet is the reference for characterization, isolation, and bioremediation tests for the degradation of this material, these tests can be extended to other plastics.
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Dirección de Investigación, Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Números de la subvención 51507
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