Influencia de la adición de almidón de dos variedades de papa (Solanum tuberosum) en las características reológicas y sensoriales de una salsa de uvilla (Physalis peruviana)
Influence of the addition of starch from two potato (Solanum tuberosum) varieties on the rheological and sensory characteristics of a uvilla (Physalis peruviana) sauce
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/acag.v74n1.118739Palabras clave:
alimentos clean label, almidón nativo, Physalis peruviana, propiedades reológicas, sustitución de hidrocoloides, viscosidad aparente (es)Apparent viscosity, clean-label foods, hydrocolloid replacement, native starch, Physalis peruviana, rheological properties (en)
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En la presente investigación se estudió el impacto del almidón de dos de las variedades de papa (Solanum tuberosum) más comunes en la provincia del Carchi en las propiedades reológicas y sensoriales de una salsa de uvilla (Physalis peruviana). Se extrajo y caracterizó el almidón de las variedades Súper Chola y Capiro, observando un contenido de amilosa del 20,53% y 22,94%, respectivamente, con valores complementarios de amilopectina. La caracterización reológica se llevó a cabo con la ayuda de un reómetro Anton Paar modelo MCR 302, con el cual se observó un comportamiento pseudoplástico en todos los tratamientos, con una disminución de la viscosidad al aumentar la velocidad de corte. El tratamiento T6 (100% de almidón de la variedad Súper Chola) mostró una viscosidad relativa de 201,96 mPa.s, comparable al testigo comercial. Para la caracterización sensorial de los tratamientos, se evaluaron color, olor, sabor, consistencia y aceptabilidad general bajo una prueba hedónica de 7 puntos. No hubo diferencias significativas en la mayoría de los parámetros, salvo en la consistencia, donde el tratamiento con 100% de almidón de Súper Chola superó al testigo. Además, todos los tratamientos cumplieron con la Norma Técnica Colombiana 5583 (2007) en cuanto a parámetros fisicoquímicos como pH y sólidos solubles totales. En conclusión, es viable sustituir la goma xantana por almidón de papa, especialmente de la variedad Súper Chola, para la producción de salsa de uvilla, manteniendo propiedades reológicas y sensoriales deseables, demostrando así su potencial uso en este tipo de productos.
The present research studied the impact of starch from two of the most common potato varieties (Solanum tuberosum) in the province of Carchi on the rheological and sensory properties of golden berry sauce (Physalis peruviana). Starch was extracted and characterized from the Súper Chola and Capiro potatoe varieties, observing an amylose content of 20.53% and 22.94%, respectively, with complementary values of amylopectin. Rheological characterization was carried out by using an Anton Paar MCR 302 rheometer, where a pseudoplastic behavior was observed in all treatments, with viscosity decreasing as the shear rate increased. Treatment T6 (100% starch from the Súper Chola variety) showed a relative viscosity of 201.96 mPa.s, comparable to the commercial control. For sensory characterization of the treatments, color, smell, flavor, consistency, and overall acceptability were evaluated by using a 7-point hedonic scale. No significant differences were found in most parameters, except for consistency, where the treatment with 100% Súper Chola starch outperformed the control. Additionally, all treatments complied with the Colombian Technical Standard 5583 (2007) regarding physicochemical parameters such as pH and total soluble solids. In conclusion, replacing xanthan gum with potato starch, especially from the Súper Chola variety, for the production of golden berry sauce is feasible, maintaining desirable rheological and sensory properties, thus demonstrating its potential use in such products.
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