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Physiological performance of sugarcane genotypes under different irrigation levels
Comportamiento fisiológico de genotipos de caña de azúcar bajo diferentes niveles de riego
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/acag.v73n4.120465Palabras clave:
evapotranspiration, infrared gas analyzer, photosynthesis, Saccharum spp., water deficit (en)análisis de gases infrarrojos, déficit hídrico, evapotranspiración, fotosíntesis, Saccharum spp. (es)
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Developing and selecting genotypes that are responsive or tolerant to variations in water availability is essential for sugarcane production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of 32 sugarcane genotypes under different water conditions. The responses of physiological variables as a function of different irrigation levels were evaluated. The experiment used a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in a split-plot arrangement. Four irrigation levels (20 %, 40 %, 60 %, and 100 % of crop evapotranspiration) were allocated to main plots, and the subplots were represented by 32 genotypes belonging to different genera and species. The evaluated physiological variables of the plants were photosynthesis rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs), quantum yield of CO2 assimilation (PhiCO2), and transpiration rate (E). Leaf vapor pressure deficit (VpdL) was estimated based on leaf temperature. The results revealed that genotypes 10, 26, and 29 consistently maintained high physiological performance across all irrigation levels, whereas genotype 7 showed notable resilience under water deficit. These genotypes are identified as promising candidates for cultivation under water‑limited conditions and may support the selection of efficient, drought‑tolerant material for semi‑arid regions.
El desarrollo y la selección de genotipos sensibles o tolerantes a variaciones en la disponibilidad hídrica son esenciales para la producción de caña de azúcar. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el rendimiento de 32 genotipos de caña de azúcar bajo distintas condiciones hídricas, buscando analizar el comportamiento de las variables fisiológicas en distintos niveles de riego. El diseño experimental fue de Bloques Completos al Azar, donde los tratamientos fueron distribuidos en parcelas subdivididas. Se asignaron cuatro niveles de riego (20 %, 40 %, 60 % y 100 % de la evapotranspiración del cultivo) a las parcelas principales, y las subparcelas estuvieron representadas por 32 genotipos pertenecientes a diferentes géneros y especies. Las variables fisiológicas de las plantas analizadas fueron tasa de fotosíntesis (A), conductancia estomática (gs), rendimiento cuántico calculado a partir de la asimilación de CO2 (PhiCO2) y tasa de transpiración (E). El déficit de presión de vapor (VpdL) se estimó con base en la temperatura foliar. Los resultados revelaron que los genotipos 10, 26 y 29 mantuvieron un alto rendimiento fisiológico de forma consistente en todos los niveles de riego, mientras que el genotipo 7 mostró una resiliencia notable ante el déficit hídrico. Estos genotipos fueron identificados como candidatos prometedores para el cultivo en condiciones de escasez de agua, lo que respalda la selección de material más eficiente y tolerante a la sequía para regiones semiáridas.
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