Nitrogen form balance regulates rhizosphere pH, nutrient uptake, and yield in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
El balance de las formas de nitrógeno regula el pH de la rizosfera, la absorción de nutrientes y el rendimiento en pimiento (Capsicum annuum L.)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/acag.v74n1.122056Palabras clave:
Ammonium toxicity, blossom-end rot, cation uptake, nitrate nutrition, soilless culture (en)Absorción de cationes, cultivo sin suelo, nutrición con nitrato, pudrición apical, toxicidad por amonio (es)
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The effect of NH₄⁺ induced rhizosphere acidification in bell pepper was evaluated under hydroponic greenhouse conditions by testing four NO₃⁻/NH₄⁺ ratios in the nutrient solution and assessing their effects on nutrient uptake and yield. The objective was to identify nitrogen management strategies that optimize crop yield and quality while minimizing problems associated with excessive rhizosphere acidification or alkalization. A modified 50 % Steiner solution supplemented with NH₄⁺ was used as the nutrient source. Four NO₃⁻/NH₄⁺ ratios (%) were tested: 100/0, 90/10, 80/20, and 70/30, corresponding to 7.5/0, 6.75/0.75, 6/1.5, and 5.25/2.25 meq·L⁻¹ of NO₃⁻ and NH₄⁺, respectively, in a completely randomized design with ten replicates per treatment. The results indicated that the 90/10 NO₃⁻/NH₄⁺ ratio maintained a more stable pH in the rhizosphere, increased Ca, Mg, and K uptake, and was associated with greater biomass, fruit weight, and fruit diameter, while reducing blossom-end rot incidence. In contrast, increasing NH₄⁺ ratio to 30 % caused greater rhizosphere acidification, reduced cation uptake, and increased blossom-end rot, whereas the exclusive NO₃⁻ supply promoted alkalinization and reduced Ca availability. Overall, these findings provide a solid basis for a more efficient management of nitrogen forms in hydroponic systems to improve bell pepper productivity and fruit quality.
Se evaluó el efecto de la acidificación de la rizosfera inducida por NH₄⁺ en cultivos de pimiento, analizando cuatro relaciones de NO₃⁻/NH₄⁺ en la solución nutritiva y su influencia en la absorción de nutrientes y parámetros productivos bajo condiciones hidropónicas en invernadero. El objetivo fue identificar estrategias de manejo de la nutrición nitrogenada que permitan optimizar el rendimiento y la calidad del cultivo, minimizando los problemas derivados de la acidificación o alcalinización excesiva de la rizosfera. Como fuente de nutrición se utilizó la solución Steiner al 50 %, modificada mediante la inclusión de NH₄⁺. Se evaluaron cuatro relaciones de NO₃⁻/NH₄⁺ (%): 100/0, 90/10, 80/20 y 70/30, equivalentes a 7.5/0, 6.75/0.75, 6/1.5 y 5.25/2.25 meq·L⁻¹ de NO₃⁻ y NH₄⁺, respectivamente, en un diseño completamente al azar con diez repeticiones por tratamiento. Los resultados indicaron que la relación 90/10 de NO₃⁻/NH₄⁺ mantuvo un pH más estable en la rizosfera, optimizó la absorción de Ca, Mg y K, y favoreció el desarrollo de una mayor biomasa, peso y diámetro de los frutos, además de reducir la incidencia de pudrición apical. En contraste, el aumento de la proporción de NH₄⁺ al 30 % provocó una mayor acidificación de la rizosfera, redujo la absorción de cationes y aumentó la pudrición apical, mientras que el uso exclusivo de NO₃⁻ generó alcalinización y disminuyó la disponibilidad de Ca. Estos hallazgos proporcionan bases sólidas para un manejo más eficiente de las formas nitrogenadas en sistemas hidropónicos, contribuyendo a mejorar la calidad y productividad del cultivo de pimiento.
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