Revaluation of “jerjo” (Vasconcellea Candicans [A. Gray] A. D C.) through the formulation and physicochemical and sensory characterization of a macerated liqueur
Revalorización del “jerjo” (Vasconcellea Candicans [A. Gray] A. DC.) mediante la formulación y caracterización fisicoquímica y sensorial de un licor macerado
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/acag.v73n4.122497Palabras clave:
alcoholic beverage, Andean fruits, Bioactive compounds, antioxidants, polyphenols (en)bebida alcohólica, compuestos bioactivos, Antioxidantes, frutos andinos, polifenoles (es)
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The present study aimed to revalue the Andean fruit “jerjo” (Vasconcellea candicans), a native resource from the Marán sector, Tomepampa district (La Unión province, Arequipa, Perú), through the elaboration and characterization of a macerated liqueur. Nine formulations were prepared by combining different fruit/liquor ratios and maceration times (15, 30, and 45 days). Sensory evaluation was conducted with 15 judges using a 5-point hedonic scale. Formulation T3t2 (60 % fruit, 28 % pisco, 12 % syrup, and 30 days of maceration) was identified as the most accepted. Physicochemical, proximate, and bioactive parameters of the fresh fruit and the selected macerate were analyzed in duplicate and interpreted descriptively. Compared with fresh fruit, the macerate showed reductions in moisture (91.14 % to 82.72 %), ash (0.70 % to 0.53 %), fiber (0.55 % to 0.004 %), and vitamin C (17.12 mg/100 g to 0.44 mg/100 mL). In contrast, carbohydrates (6.72 % to 16.51 %) and energy value (32.29 kcal/100 g to 67.06 kcal/100 mL) increased, likely due to syrup addition. Total polyphenols (0.10 mg/100 g to 5.70 mg/100 mL) and antioxidant capacity (63 mmol T.E./L to 120 mmol T.E./L) also increased descriptively, and 85 % anthocyanin retention was observed, attributed to its transfer into the hydroalcoholic matrix. Overall, jerjo maceration yielded a product with favorable sensory attributes and an enriched functional profile (within the descriptive scope of the study), providing an initial contribution to the technological valorization of Vasconcellea candicans.
La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo revalorizar el fruto andino “jerjo” (Vasconcellea candicans), un recurso nativo procedente del sector Marán, distrito de Tomepampa (provincia de La Unión, Arequipa, Perú), mediante la elaboración y caracterización de un licor macerado. Se prepararon nueve formulaciones que combinaron distintas proporciones fruta/licor y tiempos de maceración (15, 30 y 45 días). En la evaluación sensorial, realizada con 15 jueces utilizando una escala hedónica de 5 puntos, se identificó la formulación T3t2 (60 % fruta, 28 % pisco, 12 % almíbar y 30 días de maceración) como la más aceptada. La caracterización fisicoquímica, proximal y bioactiva del fruto fresco y del macerado seleccionado se realizó en duplicado y se interpretó de forma descriptiva. Se detectaron reducciones en humedad (91.14 % a 82.72 %), cenizas (0.70 % a 0.53 %), fibra (0.55 % a 0.004 %) y vitamina C (17.12 mg/100 mL a 0.44 mg/100 mL) en el macerado. En contraste, se observaron incrementos en carbohidratos (6.72 % a 16.51 %) y valor energético (32.29 kcal/100 mL a 67.06 kcal/100 mL), probablemente debido al almíbar. También se registró un aumento descriptivo en polifenoles totales (0.10 mg/100 mL a 5.70 mg/100 mL) y capacidad antioxidante (0.063 mmol T.E./L a 0.120 mmol T.E./L), junto con una retención de antocianinas del 85 %, atribuible a su transferencia hacia la matriz hidroalcohólica. En conjunto, los resultados indican que es posible obtener de la maceración del jerjo un producto con atributos sensoriales favorables y un perfil funcional enriquecido (dentro del carácter descriptivo del estudio), lo cual constituye un primer aporte para la valorización tecnológica de Vasconcellea candicans.
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