Estimación mediante RAPD's de la diversidad genética en Guadua en el departamento del Cauca, Colombia

Mediante RAPD's se analizaron 120 muestras foliares de 12 biotipos de Guadua angustifolia Kunth clasificados morfológicamente, procedentes de la cuenca del río Cauca, en el departamento del Cauca, Colombia, para determinar diversidad genética. El ADN se extrajo mediante el protocolo modificado de Dellaporta (1983). Se emplearon los cebadores; OPF-12, OPG-19, OPN-19 y OPP-16 con mayor número de bandas polimórficas. El índice de Shannon (HT = 0.4556 ± 0.1849) señaló diversidad genética total alta y diversidad entre los biotipos y al interior de ellos. El Índice de estructura genética (Gst = 0.5200) e Indice de migración efectiva (Nm = 0.4615) definieron biotipos bien diferenciados. El análisis de similaridad conformó tres grupos a un coeficiente de 0.64. El grupo G1 incluyó los biotipos Curvado, Rayada frecuente, Amarilla Playón, Rayada ancha, Rayada escasa, Convexa, Amarilla, Hembra, Verde irregular y algunos individuos de verde alta. El grupo G2, Verde alta y Macho. El grupo G3, Rayada negra. El estudio molecular agrupó los individuos de forma similar al estudio morfológico, con excepción de los individuos del biotipo Hembra.

Estimation of the genetic diversity of Guadua angustifolia Kunth in the Cauca Department of Colombia, using RAPD's technique. Using of RAPD's technique 120 samples of leaves of 12 biotypes of Guadua angustifolia Kunth classified morphologically coming from the Cauca River basin, in the Department of the Cauca, Colombia, in order to determine their genetic diversity in the study site were analyzed. The DNA was extracted using modified protocol of Dellaporta (1983). The primers used were: OPF-12, OPG-19, OPN-19 and OPP-16 with more number of polymorphic bands. The index of Shannon (HT = 0.4556 ± 0.1849) indicated high total genetic diversity and diversity inside the biotypes and among them. The Index of structure genetics (Gst = 0.5200) and Index of effective migration (Nm = 0.4615) they defined well differentiated genetic biotypes. The analysis of similarity conformed three groups of biotypes to a coefficient of 0.64. The group G1 included the biotypes: Curved, Fre­quent lined, Playón Yellow, Lined wide, Lined little, Convex, Yellow, Female, Green irregular and some individuals of Tall Green. The G2 Group: Tall green and Male. The G3 group: the biotype Lined Black. Individuals from each biotype were grouped by the molecular work in similar form that was done by the previous morphological studies, with exception of the individuals of biotype Female.