Screening of nutritional factors through a Plackett-Burman experimental design during the solubilization of tricalcium phosphate by Penicillium hispanicum
Detección de factores nutricionales a través de un diseño experimental de Plackett-Burman durante la solubilización de fosfato tricálcico por Penicillium hispanicum
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https://doi.org/10.15446/acag.v68n2.61862Palabras clave:
Biomass, Carica papaya, optimization, rhizosphere, soil borne micromycetes, tricalcium phosphate (en)Biomasa, Carica papaya, optimización, rizosfera, hongos microscópicos de suelo, fosfato tricálcico (es)
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Phosphorus plays a fundamental role in plant metabolic processes. Lack of phosphorus in agricultural soils is compensated with chemical fertilizers, which increase the cost of production and contaminate the environment. One approach to avoid this situation is the use of P-solubilizing fungi as biofertilizers. In this study, the solubilization of Ca3(PO4)2 by five native soil-borne micromycetes (SBM) isolated from the rhizosphere of Carica papaya plants was evaluated. The significant nutritional factors involved in the solubilization of Ca3(PO4)2 by Penicillium hispanicum were determined through a Plackett-Burman experimental design (PBED). Both Penicillium SP1 (108.5 mg/L) and P. hispanicum (106.5 mg/L) solubilized 100% of Ca3(PO4)2 at six days of culture. All studied SBM decreased the pH of the culture mediumfrom 4.15 (control) to <2.45. The PBED revealed that the solubilization of Ca3(PO4)2 by P. hispanicum was significantly influenced (P < 0.05) by low values of MnSO4 (0.002 g/L), (NH4)2SO4 (0.25 g/L) and pH (4.0) and a high amount of Ca3(PO4)2 (0.75 g/L). Total protein content was influenced significantly (P <0.05) by low amounts of glucose (5.0 g/L), yeast extract (0.25 g/L), inoculum (1×105 conidia/mL) and pH (4.0) and high amounts of MgSO4 (0.15 g/L), FeSO4 (0.003 g/L) and Ca3(PO4)2 (0.75 g/L). Meanwhile, biomass production was significantly (P < 0.05) influenced by a high level of glucose (15.0 g/L) and inoculum amount (1×107 conidia/mL). In conclusion, P. hispanicum is a good candidate for further field experiments to test Ca3(PO4)2 solubilization in poor soils that lack Cand N sources.
El fósforo es fundamental en los procesos metabólicos de las plantas. La falta de fósforo en los suelos agrícolas se compensa con fertilizantes químicos, incrementando el costo de producción y contaminando el medio ambiente. Una alternativa ante esta situación es el uso de hongos solubilizadores de P como biofertilizantes. En este estudio se evaluó la solubilización del Ca3(PO4)2 por cinco micromicetos nativos del suelo (MNS) aislados de la rizosfera de plantas de Carica papaya. Además, se determinaron los factores nutricionales significativos implicados en la solubilización de fosfato tricálcico -Ca3(PO4)2- por Penicillium hispanicum a través de un diseño experimental Plackett-Burman (DEPB). Tanto Penicillium SP1 (108.5 mg/L) como P. hispanicum (106.5 mg/L) solubilizaron al 100% el Ca3(PO4)2, a los 6 días de cultivo. Todos los MNS evaluados disminuyeron el pH del medio de cultivo de 4.15 a <2.45. El DEPB reveló que la solubilización de Ca3(PO4)2 por P. hispanicum fue influenciada (P < 0.05) por valores bajos de MnSO4 (0.002 g/L), (NH4)2SO4 (0.25 g/L) y pH (4.0) y un valor alto de Ca3(PO4)2 (0.75 g/L). El contenido de proteína fue influenciado (P < 0.05) por valores bajos de glucosa (5.0 g/L), extracto de levadura (0.25 g/L), inóculo (1×105 conidios/mL) y pH (4.0) y valores altos de MgSO4 (0.15 g/L), FeSO4 (0.003 g/L) y Ca3(PO4)2 (0.75 g/L). Finalmente, la producción de biomasa fue influenciada (P < 0.05) por valores altos de glucosa (15.0 g/L) e inóculo (1×107 conidios/mL). Penicillium hispanicum es un buen candidato para futuros experimentos en campo para la solubilización del Ca3(PO4)2 en suelos con limitado C y N.
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1. A.J. Toribio, F. Suárez-Estrella, M.M. Jurado, J.A. López-González, M.R. Martínez-Gallardo, M.J. Estrella-González, M.J. López. (2025). Boosting plant welfare and rhizospheric health through the application of phosphorus and potassium-solubilizing fungi from compost and vermicompost. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 68, p.103741. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103741.
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