Yield, quality, and nutrient uptake of stevia under continental Mediterranean climate
Rendimiento, calidad y absorción de nutrientes de la estevia bajo clima mediterráneo continental
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/acag.v70n4.84795Palabras clave:
Alternative crops, Fertilisation, Stevia rebaudiana, Steviol glycosides, Sweetener (en)Cultivos alternativos, Fertilización, Stevia rebaudiana, Glucósidos de esteviol, Edulcorantes (es)
Descargas
Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) is gaining attention due to its sweetening power. The stevia crop is still relatively unknown in Europe, and very little is known about its nutrient requirements. Therefore, agronomic studies are needed. Field trials were carried out in inland Spain in 2014 and 2015, in order to evaluate the yield, quality, and nutrient requirements of stevia according to planting density and harvest regime, under a continental Mediterranean climate. In 2014, the dynamics of growth, quality and accumulation of nutrients were studied during the vegetative period according to three planting densities (5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 plants m-2). No significant influence was found. The steviol glycosides concentration decreased sharply at flowering, while the leaf and steviol glycosides yields continued to increase for another 30 days or more. Yield, quality and nutrient uptake were studied during 2015 according to the three same planting densities, and three harvest regimes (one, two, and three cuts per year; all before flowering). Both factors had significant influence on most of the studied parameters. The best quality and the highest yield were not obtained under the same crop management. The highest yield was achieved with 10 plants m-2 and with 2 cuts per year, achieving around 6000 kg ha-1 of dry leaf and 650 kg ha-1 of steviol glycosides. The best quality was achieved with one cut just before flowering (12.2 % of steviol glycosides, 0.35 of Reb A to Stev ratio). The average uptakes of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S were 35.6, 4.8, 59.9, 14.2, 5.2, and 1.6 kg t-1 of leaf.
La estevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) está acaparando atención debido a su poder edulcorante. El cultivo de la estevia es relativamente desconocido todavía en Europa y se conoce muy poco acerca de sus necesidades nutricionales. Por tanto, se necesitan estudios agronómicos. En 2014 y 2015 se llevaron a cabo ensayos de campo en el interior de España, para evaluar el rendimiento, calidad y extracciones minerales de la estevia en función de la densidad de plantación y del régimen de cosecha. En 2014, se estudió las dinámicas de crecimiento, calidad y acumulación de nutrientes durante el período vegetativo en función de tres densidades de plantación (5.0, 7.5 y 10.0 plantas m-2). No se encontraron diferencias significativas. El contenido de glucósidos de esteviol disminuyó intensamente en la floración, mientras que los rendimientos de hoja y glucósidos de esteviol continuaron aumentando durante treinta días más. En el año 2015 se estudió el rendimiento, calidad y extracciones minerales en función de las tres mismas densidades y de tres regímenes de cosecha (uno, dos y tres cortes al año; todos antes de la floración). Ambos factores tuvieron una influencia significativa en la mayoría de los parámetros estudiados. La mejor calidad y el mayor rendimiento se obtuvieron con manejos del cultivo diferentes. El rendimiento más alto se alcanzó con 10 plantas m- 2 y con dos cortes al año, consiguiendo alrededor de 6.000 kg ha-1 de hoja y 650 kg ha-1 de glucósidos de esteviol. La mejor calidad se logró con un solo corte justo antes de la floración (12.2 % de glucósidos de esteviol, 0.35 de relación Reb A:Stev). Las extracciones medias de N, P, K, Ca, Mg y S fueron 35.6, 4.8, 59.9, 14.2, 5.2 y 1.6 kg t-1 de hoja.
Referencias
Andolfi, L., Macchia, M., & Ceccarini, L. (2006). Agronomic-productive characteristics of two genotype of Stevia rebaudiana in central Italy. Italian Journal of Agronomy, 1(2), 257-262. https://doi.org/10.4081/ija.2006.257 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4081/ija.2006.257
Angelini, L.G., & Tavarini, I.S. (2014). Crop productivity, steviol glycoside yield, nutrient concentration and uptake of Stevia rebaudiana Bert. under Mediterranean field conditions. Communication in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 45(19), 2577-2592. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2014.919313 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2014.919313
Benhmimou, A., Ibriz, M., Douaik, A., Lage, M., Al Faiz, Ch., Chaouqi, S., & Zouahri, A. (2018). Effect of NPK Fertilization on the growth, yield, quality and mineral nutrition of new sweet plant in Morocco (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni). American Journal of Biology and Life Sciences, 6(3), 6-43. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326626037_Effect_of_NPK_Fertilization_on_the_Growth_Yield_Quality_and_Mineral_Nutrition_of_New_Sweet_Plant_in_Morocco_Stevia_rebaudiana_Bertoni
Brandle, J.E., Starratt, A.N., & Gijzen, M. (1998). Stevia rebaudiana: Its agricultural, biological, and chemical properties. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 78(4), 527-536. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Stevia-rebaudiana%3A-Its-agricultural%2C-biological%2C-Brandle-Starratt/eb6c3468d72a8af8289e973ed5a831366b85a1b1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4141/P97-114
Caires, E.F., & Milla, R. (2016). Nitrogen fertilization in top dressing for corn crop with high yield potential under a long-term no-till system. Bragantia, 75(1), 87-95. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.160 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.160
Castellanos, M.T., Cabello, M.J., Cartagena, M.C., Tarquis, A.M., Arce, A., & Ribas, F. (2012). Nitrogen uptake dynamics, yield and quality as influenced by nitrogen fertilization in ‘Piel de sapo’ melon. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 10(3), 756-767. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277372555_Nitrogen_uptake_dynamics_yield_and_quality_as_influenced_by_nitrogen_fertilization_in_%27Piel_de_sapo%27_melon DOI: https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2012103-437-11
Ceunen, S., & Geuns, J.M. (2013). Steviol glycosides: Chemical diversity, metabolism, and function. Journal of Natural Products, 76(6), 1201-1228. https://doi.org/10.1021/np400203b DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/np400203b
Eshghi, S., & Tafazoli, E. (2007). Changes in mineral nutrition levels during floral transition in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.). International Journal of Agricultural Research, 2(2), 180-184. https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=ijar.2007.180.184 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/ijar.2007.180.184
Gomes, E.N., Moterle, D., Biasi, L.A., Koehler, H., Kanis, L.A., & Deschamps, C. (2018). Plant densities and harvesting times on productive and physiological aspects of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni grown in southern Brazil. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 90(4), 3249-3264. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30517213/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201820170510
Hastoy, C., Cosson, P., Cavaignac, S., Boutié, P., Waffo-Teguo, P., Rolin, D., & Schurdi-Levraud, V. (2019). Deciphering performances of fifteen genotypes of Stevia rebaudiana in southwestern France through dry biomass and steviol glycoside evaluation. Industrial Crops and Products, 128, 607-619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.09.053 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.09.053
Havé, M., Marmagne, A., Chardon, F., & Masclaux-Daubresse, C. (2017). Nitrogen remobilization during leaf senescence: lessons from Arabidopsis to crops. Journal of Experimental Botany, 68(10), 2513–2529. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erw365 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erw365
Jarma, A., Rengifo, T., & Araméndiz-Tatis, H. (2005). Physiological aspects of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) in the Colombian Caribbean: I. Effects of attendant radiation on leaf area and biomass distribution. Agronomía Colombiana, 23(2), 207-216. http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?pid=S0120-99652005000200003&script=sci_abstract
Jarrel, W.M., & Beverly, R.B. (1981). The dilution effect in plant nutrition studies. Advances in Agronomy, 34, 197-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2113(08)60887-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2113(08)60887-1
Lemus-Mondaca, R., Vega-Gálvez, A., Zura-Bravo, L., & Ah-Hen, K. (2012). Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, source of a high-potency natural sweetener: A comprehensive review on the biochemical, nutritional and functional aspects. Food Chemistry, 132(3), 1121-1132. https://sci-hub.se/10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.11.140 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.11.140
Montoro, P., Molfetta, I., Maldini, M., Ceccarini, L., Piacente, S., Pizza, C., & Macchia, M. (2013). Determination of six steviol glycosides of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) from different geographical origin by LC–ESI–MS/MS. Food Chemistry, 141(2), 745-753. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23790843/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.03.041
Moraes, R.M., Donega, M.A., Cantrell, C.L., Mello, S.C., & McChesney, J.D. (2013). Effect of harvest timing on leaf production and yield of diterpene glycosides in Stevia rebaudiana Bert: A specialty perennial crop for Mississippi. Industrial Crops and Products, 51, 385-389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.09.025 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.09.025
Pal, P.K., Mahajan, M., Prasad, R., Pathania, V., Singh, B., & Ahuja, P.S. (2015). Harvesting regimes to optimize yield and quality in annual and perennial Stevia rebaudiana under sub-temperate conditions. Industrial Crops and Products, 65, 556-564. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.09.060 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.09.060
Serfaty, M., Ibdah, M., Fischer, R., Chaimovitsh, D., Saranga, Y., & Dudai, N. (2013). Dynamics of yield components and stevioside production in Stevia rebaudiana grown under different planting times, plant stands and harvest regime. Industrial Crops and Products, 50, 731-736. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.08.063 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.08.063
Yarnia, M., Khorshidi, M.B., & Farajzadeh, E. (2010). Sowing dates and density evaluation of amaranth (cv. Koniz) as a new crop. Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment, 8(2), 445-448. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267706421_Sowing_dates_and_density_evaluation_of_amaranth_cv_Koniz_as_a_new_crop
Zhai, L., Xie, R, Ming, B., Li, S., & Ma, D. (2018). Evaluation and analysis of intraspecific competition in maize: A case study on plant density experiment. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 17(10), 2235–2244. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(18)61917-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(18)61917-3
Cómo citar
APA
ACM
ACS
ABNT
Chicago
Harvard
IEEE
MLA
Turabian
Vancouver
Descargar cita
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2022 Acta Agronómica
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Política sobre Derechos de autor:Los autores que publican en la revista se acogen al código de licencia creative commons 4.0 de atribución, no comercial, sin derivados.
Es decir, que aún siendo la Revista Acta Agronómica de acceso libre, los usuarios pueden descargar la información contenida en ella, pero deben darle atribución o reconocimiento de propiedad intelectual, deben usarlo tal como está, sin derivación alguna y no debe ser usado con fines comerciales.