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Comparison of Catasetum bicolor and C. ochraceum (Catasetinae: Orchidaceae) habitat preferences: implications for their conservation
Comparación de las preferencias de hábitat de Catasetum bicolor y C. ochraceum (Catasetinae: Orchidaceae): implicaciones para su conservación
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/acag.v70n2.91765Palabras clave:
Ecological niche, Maxent, Neotropics, PCA, Orchids, Species distribution (en)ACP, Distribución de especies, Maxent, Neotrópicos, Nicho ecológico, Orquídeas (es)
Family Orchidaceae is widely recognized for its mutualistic relationship with their pollinators, however, the knowledge about the most diverse monocotyledonous group on the planet it is still limited. Here, we recognized the ecological requirements and modeled the habitat preferences for Catasetum bicolor and C. ochraceum (Subfamily: Epidendroideae). We used climatic and bioclimatic data along with species’ occurrences records in a) Principal Components Analysis (PCA) to screen for the most influential variables; and, b) a maximum entropy algorithm (Maxent) for habitat suitability modeling. Also, preliminary conservation status and probable priority areas for monitoring and conservation were identified. Both species differed in their habitat preferences as shown by the altitudinal range. Factors screened by PCA were associated to temperature (average, minimum, seasonality), solar radiation, and precipitation of the driest and warmest months. The variables that influenced the most in the modeling process for C. bicolor were solar radiation, temperature seasonality, and its annual range; while for C. ochraceum were the precipitation of the driest month and solar radiation. Areas with habitat suitable conditions were identified in countries (Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Nicaragua, Panama, and Venezuela) and biomes (humid and dry tropical, and subtropical forests) with highly dynamic land cover changes. The studied species were found to be in an endangered status based on their area of occupancy (< 76 km2). However, considering their extent of occurrence (> 20000 km2), they are in a status of less concern. These findings may be relevant for future monitoring plans and planning for ex-situ and in-situ conservation strategies.
La familia Orchidaceae es ampliamente reconocida por las relaciones mutualistas con sus polinizadores, sin embargo, aún es limitado el conocimiento sobre este grupo de monocotiledóneas, el más más diverso del planeta. Aquí se reconocieron los requisitos ecológicos y se modelaron las preferencias de hábitat de Catasetum bicolor y C. ochraceum (Subfamilia: Epidendroideae). Datos climáticos, bioclimáticos y registros de presencia fueron usados en a) Análisis de Componentes Principales (ACP) para identificar las variables más influyentes; y, b) algoritmo de máxima entropía (Maxent) en modelado de hábitats idóneos. Además, se identificó el estado de conservación y posibles áreas prioritarias de monitoreo y conservación para estas especies. Ambas especies difieren en sus preferencias de hábitat de acuerdo con su rango altitudinal. Los factores resultantes del ACP estuvieron asociados a temperatura (promedio, mínima, estacionalidad); radiación solar, y precipitación de los meses más secos y cálidos. Durante la modelación, las variables más influyentes para C. bicolor fueron radiación solar, amplitud anual de temperatura y su estacionalidad; mientras que para C. ochraceum fueron la precipitación del mes más seco y la radiación solar. Se identificaron áreas con condiciones favorables de hábitat en varios países (Brasil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Nicaragua, Panamá y Venezuela) y biomas (bosques tropicales y subtropicales húmedos y secos) sujetos a procesos de cambio de cobertura muy dinámicos. De acuerdo con el área de ocupación (< 76 km2), las especies estudiadas se encuentran en estado de peligro. Sin embargo, por su extensión de ocurrencia (> 20000 km2) su estado de conservación es de menor preocupación. Estos resultados pueden ser relevantes para futuros planes de monitoreo y al planificar estrategias de conservación ex-situ e in-situ.
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