Differential response of photosynthetic activity, leaf nutrient content and yield to long-term drought in cacao clones

Ramón Jaimez; Rey  Loor; Francisco  Arteaga; Víctor  Márquez; Wilmer  Tezara

doi:10.15446/acag.v70n3.92252

Publicado

2022-03-25

Differential response of photosynthetic activity, leaf nutrient content and yield to long-term drought in cacao clones

Respuesta diferencial de la actividad fotosintética, contenido de nutrientes en las hojas y producción en periodos largos de sequía en clones de cacao

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/acag.v70n3.92252

Palabras clave:

Cacao, Chlorophyll fluorescence, Photochemical protection, Photosynthesis, Water deficit (en)
Cacao, Fluorescencia de la clorofila, Protección fotoquímica, Fotosíntesis, Déficit hídrico (es)

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Autores/as

Ramón Jaimez Universidad Técnica de Manabí. Portoviejo, Ecuador https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8415-0775
Rey Loor Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Estación Experimental Tropical Pichilingue. Quevedo, Ecuador https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3984-8239
Francisco Arteaga Universidad Técnica de Manabí. Portoviejo, Ecuador https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6211-2794
Víctor Márquez Universidad Técnica de Manabí. Portoviejo, Ecuador https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2458-2415
Wilmer Tezara Universidad Técnica Luis Vargas Torres. Esmeraldas, Ecuador. Universidad Central de Venezuela. Caracas, Venezuela. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2666-0571

Resumen (en)
Resumen (es)

Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) is not frequently cropped in water limited environments, however it is cultivated in several drought-prone regions, where soil water is gradually depleted on an annual cycle. In regions where cacao is subjected to long periods without precipitation, the physiological responses under field conditions may differ between cacao clones. Evaluation of these responses are required to select potential clones that could be used for breeding programs in the context of future climatic scenarios. In order to identify physiological and yield responses to drought of 10 Ecuadorian cacao clones, relative leaf water content (RWC), CO₂assimilation rate (A), transpiration (E), stomatal conductance (g_s), water use efficiency (WUE), relative quantum yield of photosystems II (Φ_PSII), non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), leaf nutrient content (N, P K, Ca, and Mg) and yield were assessed during the dry (DS) and rainy seasons (RS). On average, A and E decreased by 33 and 22 %, respectively under drought, whereas WUE was higher during RS. Clones exhibited an increase in NPQ during DS, suggesting greater energy dissipation. Clones showed differences in macronutrient content and in most cases drought caused a reduction in Ca and Mg content. Two groups were established according to yield: one which maintained higher yields during RS, while the other had higher yields during drought. This offers strategic alternative in order to maintain a relatively high yield throughout the year with combination of clones in the plantations.

El cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) no se cultiva con frecuencia en ambientes donde existen limitaciones hídricas, sin embargo, se encuentra cultivado en algunas regiones propensas a la sequía, donde el agua del suelo se agota gradualmente en un ciclo anual. En regiones donde el cacao está sujeto a largos períodos sin precipitación, las respuestas fisiológicas en condiciones de campo pueden diferir entre los clones de cacao. Por ello, se requiere la evaluación de estas respuestas para seleccionar clones potenciales que podrían usarse para programas de mejoramiento en el contexto de escenarios climáticos futuros. Con el fin de identificar la respuesta fisiológica y de rendimiento a la sequía de 10 clones de cacao ecuatorianos, se evaluó el contenido relativo de agua foliar (RWC), la tasa de asimilación de CO₂ (A), la transpiración (E), la conductancia estomática (g_s), la eficiencia en el uso del agua (WUE), el rendimiento cuántico del fotosistemas II (Φ_PSII), el coeficiente de extinción no fotoquímica (NPQ), el contenido de nutrientes en la hoja (N, P K, Ca y Mg) y la producción durante las estaciones seca y lluviosa. En promedio, A y E disminuyeron en un 33 y 22 %, respectivamente, durante la sequía, mientras que el WUE fue mayor durante la temporada de lluvias. Los clones mostraron un aumento de NPQ durante la sequía, lo que sugiere una mayor disipación de energía. Los clones mostraron diferencias en el contenido de macronutrientes y en la mayoría de los casos la sequía provocó una reducción en el contenido de Ca y Mg. Se establecieron dos grupos según rendimiento: uno que mantuvo mayores rendimientos durante la época de lluvias, mientras que el otro tuvo mayores rendimientos durante la sequía. Esto ofrece una alternativa estratégica para mantener un rendimiento relativamente alto durante todo el año con la combinación de clones en las plantaciones.

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Cómo citar

APA

Jaimez, R., Loor, R. ., Arteaga, F. ., Márquez, V. . y Tezara, W. . (2022). Differential response of photosynthetic activity, leaf nutrient content and yield to long-term drought in cacao clones. Acta Agronómica, 70(3). https://doi.org/10.15446/acag.v70n3.92252

ACM

[1]

Jaimez, R., Loor, R. , Arteaga, F. , Márquez, V. y Tezara, W. 2022. Differential response of photosynthetic activity, leaf nutrient content and yield to long-term drought in cacao clones. Acta Agronómica. 70, 3 (mar. 2022). DOI:https://doi.org/10.15446/acag.v70n3.92252.

ACS

(1)

Jaimez, R.; Loor, R. .; Arteaga, F. .; Márquez, V. .; Tezara, W. . Differential response of photosynthetic activity, leaf nutrient content and yield to long-term drought in cacao clones. Acta Agron. 2022, 70.

ABNT

JAIMEZ, R.; LOOR, R. .; ARTEAGA, F. .; MÁRQUEZ, V. .; TEZARA, W. . Differential response of photosynthetic activity, leaf nutrient content and yield to long-term drought in cacao clones. Acta Agronómica, [S. l.], v. 70, n. 3, 2022. DOI: 10.15446/acag.v70n3.92252. Disponível em: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/acta_agronomica/article/view/92252. Acesso em: 23 jul. 2024.

Chicago

Jaimez, Ramón, Rey Loor, Francisco Arteaga, Víctor Márquez, y Wilmer Tezara. 2022. «Differential response of photosynthetic activity, leaf nutrient content and yield to long-term drought in cacao clones». Acta Agronómica 70 (3). https://doi.org/10.15446/acag.v70n3.92252.

Harvard

Jaimez, R., Loor, R. ., Arteaga, F. ., Márquez, V. . y Tezara, W. . (2022) «Differential response of photosynthetic activity, leaf nutrient content and yield to long-term drought in cacao clones», Acta Agronómica, 70(3). doi: 10.15446/acag.v70n3.92252.

IEEE

[1]

R. Jaimez, R. . Loor, F. . Arteaga, V. . Márquez, y W. . Tezara, «Differential response of photosynthetic activity, leaf nutrient content and yield to long-term drought in cacao clones», Acta Agron., vol. 70, n.º 3, mar. 2022.

MLA

Jaimez, R., R. . Loor, F. . Arteaga, V. . Márquez, y W. . Tezara. «Differential response of photosynthetic activity, leaf nutrient content and yield to long-term drought in cacao clones». Acta Agronómica, vol. 70, n.º 3, marzo de 2022, doi:10.15446/acag.v70n3.92252.

Turabian

Jaimez, Ramón, Rey Loor, Francisco Arteaga, Víctor Márquez, y Wilmer Tezara. «Differential response of photosynthetic activity, leaf nutrient content and yield to long-term drought in cacao clones». Acta Agronómica 70, no. 3 (marzo 25, 2022). Accedido julio 23, 2024. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/acta_agronomica/article/view/92252.

Vancouver

1.

Jaimez R, Loor R, Arteaga F, Márquez V, Tezara W. Differential response of photosynthetic activity, leaf nutrient content and yield to long-term drought in cacao clones. Acta Agron. [Internet]. 25 de marzo de 2022 [citado 23 de julio de 2024];70(3). Disponible en: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/acta_agronomica/article/view/92252

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