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Improvement of the soil quality under intercropped conilon coffee (Coffea canephora P.) in the coastal tablelands of Southeast Brazil
Mejora de la calidad del suelo bajo un cultivo intercalado de café conilon (Coffea canephora P.) en las planicies costeras del sudeste brasileño
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/acag.v71n3.93941Palabras clave:
agroforestry system, agroecology, shade coffee, soil fertility, soil water content (en)sistema agroforestal, agroecología, café de sombra, fertilidad del suelo, contenido de agua en el suelo (es)
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical-hydrological and chemical properties and organic carbon stock of soil under intercropped conilon coffee (Coffea canephora P.) and in full sun in the coastal tablelands of Espírito Santo, Brazil. The treatments evaluated were coffee intercropped with rubber tree (CR) and in full sun (FS) in the area 1; coffee intercropped with papaya (CP) and in full sun (FS) in the area 2; coffee intercropped with coconut (CC), in full sun (FS), and an area of native vegetation (NV) in the area 3. The physical and chemical properties of the soil and its organic carbon stocks were measured in layers of 0-0.4 m. In area 1, CR showed lower soil bulk density and temperature, and higher total porosity and macroporosity. In area 2, CP presented higher available water capacity and soil water content, better soil fertility, and lower soil temperature. In area 3, CC presented higher total porosity, available water capacity, and soil organic carbon stock. NV presented physical and chemical properties of soil that limit the agricultural development of the crops. Conilon coffee plantations can improve the physical-hydrological and chemical quality of soil compared to cultivation in full sun and native vegetation in the coastal tablelands, which varies according to the intercropped culture.
El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las propiedades físico-hídricas y químicas y el stock de carbono orgánico del suelo bajo un cultivo intercalado de café conilon (Coffea canephora P.) y a pleno sol en las planicies costeras de Espírito Santo, Brasil. Los tratamientos evaluados fueron café intercalado con árbol de goma de caucho (CAG) y a pleno sol (PS) en el área 1; café intercalado con papaya (CP) y a pleno sol (PS) en el área 2; café intercalado con coco (CC), a pleno sol (PS), y un área de vegetación nativa (VN) en el área 3. Se midieron las propiedades físicas y químicas del suelo y sus reservas de carbono orgánico en capas de 0-0.4 m. En el área 1, el CAG mostró una menor densidad aparente y temperatura del suelo, y una mayor porosidad total y macroporosidad. En el área 2, CP presentó una mayor capacidad de agua disponible, contenido de agua en el suelo, mejor fertilidad del suelo y menor temperatura de este. En el área 3, CC presentó una mayor porosidad total, capacidad de agua disponible y stock de carbono orgánico en el suelo. VN presentó propiedades físicas y químicas del suelo que limitan el desarrollo de los cultivos agrícolas. Los cafetales de Conilon pueden mejorar la calidad físico-hídrica y química del suelo en comparación con el cultivo a pleno sol y la vegetación nativa en las planicies costeras, lo cual varía según el cultivo intercalado.
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