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- 2022-07-26 (2)
- 2021-11-26 (1)
Fitorremediación en suelos contaminados con Cd usando girasol (Helianthus annuus L. var. Sunbright)
Phytoremediation of cadmium contaminated soils using sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. var. Sunbright)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/acag.v70n2.94208Palabras clave:
factor de translocación, fitoextracción, fitoestabilización (es)translocation factor, phytoextraction, phytostabilization (en)
El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la acumulación, distribución y tolerancia de cadmio (Cd) en girasol en suelos contaminados con dicho metal. La investigación consistió en dos experimentos conducidos en macetas bajo condiciones de invernadero. En el primero se probaron concentraciones de 0, 10, 15, 20 y 25 mg Cd kg-1 suelo y se evaluó la altura, producción de materia seca y concentración de Cd en raíz, tallo, hoja e inflorescencia a los 84 días. Para el segundo, la concentración fue de 20 mg Cd kg-1 suelo y se evaluó a los 35, 49, 63, 75 y 84 días la concentración de Cd en los mismos órganos. Las dosis de Cd no tuvieron efecto en la altura de planta ni en la producción de materia seca, siendo el índice de tolerancia (IT) equivalente a 1, lo que demostró su alta tolerancia por este metal. En general, se encontró que al incrementar las dosis de Cd en suelo aumentó la concentración de Cd en planta. Independiente a la época de evaluación, la raíz concentró más Cd debido a una baja translocación hacia la zona aérea. El factor de bioconcentración (FBC) fue mayor a 1 bajo las diferentes dosis de Cd. En tanto al factor de translocación (FT), este resultó menor a 1 en ambos experimentos. Según los valores del FT y FBC encontrados, el girasol se comportaría como un fitoestabilizador por debajo de 25 mg Cd kg-1 suelo.
The aim of the present research was to determine the accumulation, distribution and tolerance of sunflower plants to cadmium (Cd) contaminated soils. The research consisted of two pot experiments under greenhouse conditions. In Experiment 1, concentrations of 0, 10, 15, 20, and 25 mg Cd kg-1 soil were tested and the height, dry matter production and Cd concentration in root, stem, leaf, and inflorescence were evaluated at 84 DAS (day after sowing). In Experiment 2, the concentration was 20 mg Cd kg-1 soil and the concentration of Cd in the same organs was evaluated at 35, 49, 63, 75, and 84 DAS. Cadmium doses had no effect on plant height or dry matter production, the tolerance index (TI) being equivalent to 1, which demonstrated its high tolerance for this metal. In general, it was found that increasing doses of Cd in the soil increased Cd concentration in the plant. Independent of the time of evaluation, the root concentrated more Cd due to a low translocation towards the aerial zone. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) was greater than 1 under the different doses of Cd. As for the translocation factor (TF), it was less than 1 in both experiments. According to the TF and BCF values found, sunflower would behave as a phytostabilizer below 25 mg Cd kg-1 soil.
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1. Luisa María Múnera-Porras, María Fernanda Sarmiento-Gamero, María Verónica Orozco-Martínez. (2025). Plants used for soil decontamination in Colombia: A systematic review. Revista Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de Antioquia, https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.redin.20250364.
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