Fenoles totales y capacidad antioxidante del extracto de hojas de Moringa oleifera en tres estados fenológicos
Total phenol and antioxidant activity of Moringa oleifera leaves extract on three phenological states
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/acag.v71n2.98672Palabras clave:
antioxidante, Moringa oleifera, fenoles, flavonoides, extracto (es)antioxidant, extract, phenols, flavonoids, Moringa oleifera (en)
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Moringa oleifera es una especie vegetal con múltiples aplicaciones y características importantes de uso medicinal y farmacológico, contiene compuestos que le confieren actividad antioxidante, anticancerígena y antiinflamatoria, entre otras propiedades. Las hojas son la estructura más utilizada y con mayor concentración de compuestos bioactivos que pueden ser parcialmente aislados en extractos para usos posteriores. Sin embargo, en Colombia los estudios relacionados con la especie son escasos, lo que generó la necesidad de evaluar los compuestos fenólicos y la capacidad antioxidante de las hojas de esta planta en tres estados fenológicos (J: joven, M: madura, A: adulta). Los extractos fueron evaluados en términos del contenido total de fenoles (CTF), flavonoides (CTFl), catequinas (CTC) y la capacidad antioxidante (DPPH, FRAP y ABTS). Los resultados obtenidos en este estudio evidenciaron que entre la hoja joven y madura no hubo diferencia estadística en ninguno de los parámetros evaluados, mostrando concentraciones promedio de flavonoides totales de 7.48 mg ER/g MS y una capacidad antioxidante promedio de 39.51 µmol Fe2+/g MS (FRAP) y de 12.03 µmol ET/g MS (ABTS). Por otro lado, la hoja adulta presentó una disminución significativa en el contenido de flavonoides totales (4.83±0.33 mg ER/g MS) y la capacidad antioxidante en los métodos FRAP (34.99±0.5 µmol Fe2+/g MS) y ABTS (11.50±0.2 µmol ET/g MS), por lo que se concluyó que, de los tres estados fenológico, el único que no tendría potencial como antioxidante es el estado adulto.
Moringa oleifera is a species with multiple applications and characteristics for medicinal and pharmacological use, since its compounds have antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties, among others. Leaves are the most used structure with the highest concentration of bioactive compounds, which can be partially isolated in extracts for later uses. However, in Colombia, studies related to the species are scarce, which leads to the need to evaluate the phenolic compounds and the antioxidant capacity of the leaves of this plant in three phenological stages (J: young, M: mature, A: adult). The extracts were evaluated in terms of total phenols (CTF), flavonoids (CTFl), catechins (CTC), and antioxidant capacity (DPPH, FRAP and ABTS). The results obtained in this study showed that between the young and mature leaves there was no statistical difference in any of the parameters evaluated, showing an average concentration of total flavonoids of 7.48 mg ER/g DS, and antioxidant capacity of 39.51 µmol Fe2+/g DS (FRAP) and 12.03 µmol ET/g DM (ABTS). On the other hand, adult leaves presented a significant decrease in the content of total flavonoids (4.83±0.33 mg ER/g DS), and the antioxidant capacity in the FRAP (34.99±0.5 μmol Fe2+/g DS) and ABTS (11.50±0.2 μmol ET/g DS) methods, so it was concluded that the only one of the three phenological states that would not have potential as an antioxidant is the adult state.
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Universidad Nacional de Colombia
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