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La densidad aparente y el tamaño de agregados del suelo controlan el crecimiento radical de Megathyrsus maximus
Soil bulk density and aggregate size control plant root growth of Megathyrsus maximus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/acag.v70n4.88785Keywords:
densificación del suelo, indicadores, pasto guinea, sistemas silvopastoriles, salud del suelo (es)soil densification, indicators, pasture guinea, silvopastoral systems, soil health (en)
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La importancia de las propiedades físicas del suelo influye de manera apreciable en su funcionamiento, calidad del agua, control climático, ciclo de los nutrientes y biodiversidad, entre otros. Estas proporcionan más funciones ecosistémicas que solamente el aporte nutricional para la producción agrícola. Actualmente, el suelo está sometido a presión de manejo para la producción de alimentos, energía y materia prima y esto ha llevado a su deterioro físico y degradación. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo evaluar los efectos de la densidad aparente y el tamaño de agregados de suelo de sistemas silvopastoriles (SSP) (proveniente de pasturas del bosque seco tropical) sobre el crecimiento del pasto guinea (Megathyrsus maximus) cv. Mombasa. Para tal fin, se realizaron dos experimentos separados bajo condiciones de invernadero, estableciendo valores crecientes a cada variable a través de ejercer fuerzas mecánicas (densidad aparente: 0.93-1.80 Mg m-3) y tamizado (tamaño medio de agregados: 0.125-7.15 mm) y luego se sembraron semillas del pasto y se dejaron crecer por 30 días. Se encontraron dos modelos funcionales que relacionan la biomasa de las raíces del pasto con el valor de la densidad aparente y con el tamaño medio de agregados del suelo. Se concluye que para ambas variables se detectan modelos de regresión cuadrática, es decir, de punto óptimo; siendo estos valores óptimos para la densidad aparente de 1.0 Mg m-3 y de tamaño de agregados de 1.5-2.0 mm. Estos parámetros podrían ser utilizados como indicadores físicos en el diagnóstico de la salud del suelo y de utilidad en el establecimiento de pasturas de la región del Valle del Rio Sinú.
The importance of physicals properties of soil has an appreciable influence on their functions, water quality, climate control, nutrient cycling, and biodiversity, among others. These provide more ecosystem functions than just the nutritional contribution to agricultural production. Currently, the soil is under management pressure to the food production energy and raw material, which has led to its physical deterioration and degradation. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of bulk density and soil aggregate size silvopastoral systems (from tropical dry forest pastures) on the growth of guinea grass (Megathyrsus maximus) cv. Mombasa. To this end, two separate experiments were carried out under greenhouse conditions, by establishing increasing values of each variable through exerting mechanical forces (bulk density: 0.93-1.80 Mg m-3) and sieved (average size of aggregates: 0.125-7.15 mm) and then grass seeds were sown and allowed to grow for 30 days. Two functional models are found which relate the biomass of grass roots with the value of bulk density and with the average size of soil aggregates. It is concluded that for both variables, quadratic regression models are detected, namely, of optimal point; being these optimal values for the apparent density of 1.0 Mg m-3 and of aggregate size of 1.5-2.0 mm. These parameters could be used as physical indicators in the diagnosis of soil health in the Rio Sinú Valley region.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of bulk density and soil aggregate size (from tropical dry forest pastures) on the growth of guínea grass (Megathyrsus maximus) cv. Mombasa. To this end, two separate experiments were carried out under greenhouse conditions, by establishing increasing values of each variable through exerting mechanical forces (apparent density: 0.93-1.80 Mg m-3) and screening (average size of aggregates: 0.125-7.15 mm ) and then grass seeds were sown and allowed to grow for 30 days. Two functional models were found which relate the biomass of grass roots with the value of bulk density and with the average size of soil aggregates. It is concluded that for both variables, quadratic regression models were detected, namely, of optimal point; being these optimal values for the apparent density of 1.0 Mg m-3 and of aggregate size of 1.5-2.0 mm. These parameters could be used as physical indicators in the diagnosis of soil health in the Rio Sinú Valley region.
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1. Claudia Maricelel Ipaz Cuastumal, Luis F. Gómez-Ramírez, José L. Tauta-Muñoz. (2023). Productividad hídrica de Megathyrsus maximus cv bajo fertirriego en un suelo con pH variable en el Caribe seco colombiano. Ingeniería y Competitividad, 25(3) https://doi.org/10.25100/iyc.v25i3.13019.
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