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Análisis de estabilidad de biochar de residuos agroforestales
Stability analysis of biochar from agroforestry pruning
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/acag.v71n4.94948Keywords:
Biomasa, energías limpias, enmienda, pirólisis, reactividad (es)Biomass, Clean energy, amendment, pyrolysis, reactivity (en)
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La pirólisis es un proceso de descomposición térmica en el que se obtiene biochar, que es un componente enriquecido en carbono. La diferencia entre el carbono vegetal y el biochar es que este es exclusivamente una enmienda de suelo y permite el manejo de residuos sólidos lignocelulósicos. Asimismo, el biochar es considerado una alternativa para fijar carbono de la atmósfera en el suelo; por ello, esta investigación evaluó la estabilidad del biochar obtenido a través de la pirólisis a 300 °C y 500 °C de los residuos de podas de las cinco especies forestales de mayor abundancia en la Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina (UNALM), Lima, Perú. La investigación evaluó la estabilidad del biochar en función al grado de estabilidad y la prueba estandarizada de AT4. Respecto al grado de estabilidad, este se incrementa al elevarse la temperatura de pirólisis de 300°C a 500°C en una razón de 0.102, asimismo, el carbono lábil disminuye en 5.21 %, el carbono oxidable en 13.66 %, mientras que el carbono recalcitrante se incrementa en 10.90 %. En cuanto a la prueba respirométrica, se observó un comportamiento similar, dado que se encontró mayor descomposición en el carbono que tendría menor grado de estabilidad, variando el índice AT4 en 2.74. Respecto a las especies, de acuerdo con el grado de estabilidad y AT4, el más estable fue el biochar de Molle a 500 °C.
Pyrolysis is a thermal decomposition process through which biochar is obtained, which is a component enriched in carbon. The difference between vegetal carbon and biochar is that the latter is exclusively a soil amendment that allows the management of lignocellulosic wastes. Likewise, biochar is considered an alternative to fix carbon from the atmosphere in the soil. This research evaluated the stability of biochar obtained through pyrolysis at 300 °C and 500 °C from the pruning waste of the five most abundant forest species from the National Agrarian University – La Molina (UNALM), Lima, Perú. This investigation evaluated the stability of the biochar based on the degree of stability and the standardized AT4 test. Regarding the degree of stability, it increased in a ratio of 0.102 when the pyrolysis temperature raised from 300 °C to 500 °C, likewise, the labile carbon decreased by 5.21 %, the oxidizable carbon by 13.66 %, while the recalcitrant carbon increased by 10.90 %. Regarding the spirometry test, a similar behavior was observed, since greater decomposition in the carbon that would have a lower degree of stability was noticed, varying the AT4 index by 2.74. Regarding the species, according to the degree of stability and the AT4, the most stable biochar was that of Molle 500 °C.
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