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Fusarium species complexes associated with chickpea wilt and stem and root rot in wheat
Complejos de especies de Fusarium asociados con la marchitez del garbanzo y la pudrición del tallo y raíz en trigo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/abc.v30n2.108995Palabras clave:
Cicer arietinum, Fusarium sp., Molecular Identification, Triticum aestivum (en)Cicer arietinum, Fusarium sp., Identificación molecular, Triticum aestivum (es)
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In Mexico, chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) are two important crops for national consumption and/or exportation. However, they are susceptible to various diseases caused by Fusarium fungi. The objective of this research was to identify Fusarium species associated with the wheat root and stem rot diseases, and chickpea wilt in the Mexican Bajio area, through DNA sequence analyses of three genomic regions TEF, ITS and mtSSU. The 114 isolates obtained were classified into eight taxonomic species and located in four Fusarium Species Complexes. In order of frequency, F. oxysporum (87.6 %), F. equiseti (4.7 %), F. solani (4.7 %), F. proliferatum (1.5 %) and Fusarium sp. (1.5 %) were identified in chickpea; and F. proliferatum (44 %), F. nygamai (22 %), Fusarium sp. (16 %), F. thapsinum (6 %), F. oxysporum (6 %), F. andiyazi (4 %) and F. equiseti (2 %) were recovered from wheat. The TEF gene had the highest number of phylogenetically informative sites (43.03 %), followed by mtSSU (32.88 %) and ITS (12.82 %). Moreover, the phylogenetic reconstruction using TEF was the closest to what is currently recognized for Fusarium species. The resulted clustering from the concatenation of the ITS+mtSSU regions was the most conflicting, while the constructs with concatenated regions involving the TEF gene were the least conflicting. The results from this research indicate the presence of a significant number of Fusarium species that should be monitored for disease prevention and/or treatment programs in chickpea and wheat crops in Mexico.
En México, el garbanzo y el trigo son cultivos importantes para el consumo nacional y/o exportación. Sin embargo, son susceptibles a diversas enfermedades causadas por hongos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar especies de Fusarium asociadas a las enfermedades de pudrición de raíz y tallo de trigo y marchitez del garbanzo en la zona del Bajío mexicano, mediante análisis de secuencias de DNA de las tres regiones genómicas TEF, ITS y mtSSU. Los 114 aislamientos obtenidos se clasificaron en ocho especies y se ubicaron en cuatro Complejos de Especies de Fusarium. En orden de frecuencia, se identificaron en garbanzo F. oxysporum (87.6 %), F. equiseti (4.7 %), F. solani (4.7 %), F. proliferatum (1.5 %) y Fusarium sp. (1.5 %); y se recuperaron de trigo a F. proliferatum (44 %), F. nygamai (22 %), Fusarium sp. (16 %), F. thapsinum (6 %), F. oxysporum (6 %), F. andiyazi (4 %) y F. equiseti (2 %). El gen TEF tuvo el mayor número de sitios filogenéticamente informativos (43 %), seguido de mtSSU (32.9 %) e ITS (12.8 %). Además, la reconstrucción filogenética usando TEF fue la más cercana a lo que actualmente se reconoce para las especies de Fusarium. El agrupamiento resultante de la concatenación de las regiones ITS+mtSSU fue el más conflictivo. Los resultados de la presente investigación indicaron la presencia de un número importante de especies de Fusarium que deben ser monitoreadas en programas de prevención y/o tratamiento de enfermedades en cultivos de garbanzo y trigo en México.
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