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BIOINSECTICIDE POTENTIAL OF ETHANOL EXTRACTS FROM Persea americana (LAURACEAE) SEEDS ON Aedes aegypti MOSQUITOES
Potencial bioinsecticida de extractos etanólicos de semillas de Persea americana (Lauraceae) en mosquitos Aedes aegypti
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/abc.v28n3.96277Palabras clave:
infectious diseases, insect, natural product, phytochemicals, safety (en)enfermedades infecciosas, insecto, producto natural, fitoquímicos, seguridad (es)
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Mosquitoes represent the most important agent disseminating infectious diseases like yellow fever, dengue, chikungunya, and malaria, among others. An essential strategy for its control is killing them at immature stages using industrial insecticides. However, those chemicals often generate resistance and affect the environment and human health. Agricultural and plant by-products constitute a new sustainable option to obtain harmless and eco-friendly bioinsecticides to prevent mosquitoes from spreading. This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical profile of Persea americana Mill (Lauraceae) seed extracts and their insecticide activity against Aedes aegypti at larval and pupal stages. The ethanol extracts from avocado seeds were obtained by Maceration/stirring (MaE) and Soxhlet extraction (SE) methods. The main chemical profile was determined by quantitative and UPLC assays. Insecticide activity was assessed by the exposition of mosquitoes at larval and pupal stages to seed extracts. Human cell lines were used to evaluate the cytotoxicity. Soxhlet methodology was more efficient in the extraction of P. americana seeds metabolites (42.13±1.76 mg/mL) compared with MaE (20.46±1.66 mg/mL) (p< 0.05). Additionally, SE showed a higher amount of polyphenols (5.12±0.18 mg/mL). The UPLC spectra analysis revealed the presence of polyphenols, mainly catechin, and neolignan constituents. Both extracts showed larvicidal and pupicidal effects, but SE was more active at lower concentrations. Moreover, no significant toxic effects on human monocytes and fibroblast cell lines were found after treatment. In sum, avocado seed by-products can be considered an eco-friendly insecticide and its use may help to substantially decrease the vector-transmitted diseases in developing countries.
Los mosquitos representan el agente más importante en la diseminación de enfermedades como la fiebre amarilla, dengue, chikungunya, malaria, etc. Una estrategia esencial para su control es la muerte en estadios inmaduros usando insecticidas industriales. Sin embargo, estos químicos generan resistencia y afectan el medioambiente y la salud humana. Los subproductos agrícolas y vegetales constituyen una nueva opción sostenible para obtener bioinsecticidas inocuos y eco-amigables, y prevenir la diseminación de los mosquitos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar el perfil fitoquímico de extractos de semillas de Persea americana Mill (Lauraceae), y su actividad insecticida contra Aedes aegypti en fases larval y pupa. Los extractos etanólicos fueron obtenidos mediante los métodos de maceración/agitación (MaE) y Soxhlet (SE). El perfil químico se determinó mediante ensayos cuantitativos y UPLC. La actividad insecticida se evaluó exponiendo los mosquitos a los extractos etanólicos. Se emplearon líneas celulares humanas para evaluar la citotoxicidad. La metodología Soxhlet fue más eficiente en la extracción de metabolitos de P. americana (42.13±1.76 mg/mL) comparado con MaE (20.46±1.66 mg/mL) (p< 0.05). Adicionalmente, SE mostró un contenido superior de polifenoles (5.12±0.18 mg/mL). El espectro UPLC reveló la presencia de polifenoles, principalmente catequina, y neolignanos. Ambos extractos manifestaron efectos larvicida y pupicida, pero SE resultó más activo a menores concentraciones. No se evidenciaron efectos tóxicos significativos en líneas celulares humanas de monocitos y fibroblastos. Los subproductos de semillas del aguacate pueden considerarse como insecticidas eco-amigables y su uso ayudaría a disminuir sustancialmente las enfermedades transmitidas por vectores en los países en desarrollo.
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