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Discriminant analysis for estimating meristematic differentiation point based on morphometric indicators in banana (Musa AAA)
Análisis discriminante para estimar el punto de diferenciación meristemática basado en indicadores morfométricos en banano (Musa AAA)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n3.103234Keywords:
allometry, pseudostem, phenological stages, non-destructive methods (en)alometría, seudotallo, etapas fenológicas, métodos no destructivos (es)
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In the banana crop, leaf area is a fundamental trait for production; however, monitoring this variable during a cycle is difficult due to the structural characteristics of the plant, and a method for its determination is necessary. Therefore, the objective of this research was to propose a model for estimating total leaf area by measuring the cross-sectional area of the pseudostem to identify when meristematic differentiation occurs. In plants between F10 and flowering, functional leaves were measured for length, width, and dry mass. Cross-sectional area was calculated every 10 cm from the base to 70 cm, at ⅓, ½ of the plant height and up to the last pair of leaves. From the principal components, the cross-sectional measurement at 50 cm was selected, obtaining a nonlinear model for indirect estimation of leaf area. Subsequently, Fisher’s linear discriminant analysis was used with the parameters associated with the number of leaves emitted and the estimated leaf area to obtain the cutoff point as the centroid of the extracted components. As an indicator for the approximate identification of the moment of meristem differentiation, the emission of leaf 12 was generated, which determines the phenological stage (vegetative-reproductive) of the plant. The results describe tools to follow up the growth in the productive units to facilitate crop monitoring, allowing the generation of differential production approaches.
En el cultivo de banano el área foliar es una característica fundamental para la producción; no obstante, el monitoreo de esta variable durante el ciclo se dificulta por las características estructurales de la planta, siendo necesario algún método para su determinación. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de esta investigación fue proponer un modelo de estimación del área foliar total, mediante la medición del área de la sección transversal del seudotallo, para identificar cuando ocurre la diferenciación meristemática. En plantas entre F10 y floración se midió en las hojas funcionales largo, ancho y masa seca. El área de la sección transversal se calculó a 10 cm de la base hasta 70 cm, a ⅓, ½ de la altura de la planta y hasta el último par de hojas. A partir de los componentes principales se seleccionó la medida de la sección transversal a 50 cm, obteniéndose un modelo no lineal de estimación indirecta del área foliar. Posteriormente se utilizó el análisis discriminante lineal de Fisher con los parámetros asociados al número de hojas emitidas y al área foliar estimada para obtener el punto de corte como centroide de los componentes extraídos. Se generó como indicador para la identificación aproximada del momento de la diferenciación del meristemo la emisión de la hoja 12, y con esto la determinación de la etapa fenológica (vegetativa-reproductiva) en la cual se encuentra la planta. Los resultados describen herramientas para hacer seguimiento al crecimiento en las unidades productivas que facilitarían el monitoreo del cultivo, permitiendo generar enfoques de producción diferenciales.
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