Published

2015-09-01

Biomass distribution and allocation in diploid potato varieties (Solanum phureja Juz. et Buk.)

Distribución y asignación de biomasa en variedades de papa criolla (Solanum phureja Juz. et Buk.)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v33n3.50237

Keywords:

tubers, source sink relations, photosynthesis, nutrient transport, Guaneña variety, Latina variety (en)
tubérculos, relación fuente sumidero, fotosíntesis, transporte de nutrientes, variedad Guaneña, variedad Latina (es)

Authors

  • Tatiana M. Saldaña V. Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín - Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias - Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas
  • Jenniffer A. Patiño Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín - Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias - Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas
  • José Miguel Cotes-Torres Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín - Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias - Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas
It is necessary to study the photosynthate distribution pattern and allocation in Guaneña and Latina potato varieties, which come from the Colombia variety and are relatively new in agriculture, for potato crops in Colombia. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution behavior of dry matter among the organs that make up the potato plant in order to determine the key moments in the crop cycle, where the filling of the tubers takes place, and to establish the pattern of biomass distribution in these varieties. Three consecutive experiments were performed at the "EstaciónAgraria Paysandú" in Santa Elena (Medellin - Antioquia), at 2,538 m a.s.l. with average temperatures of 13.6, 14.6 and 13.81°C. The field trials were established under a random complete blocks design with a 3x2 factorial layout and five replications. The first factor corresponded to the potato varieties and the second factor corresponded to the two fertilization levels: 7 and 21 g of fertilizer per planting site, representing 259.25 and 777.77 kg of fertilizer per ha. The higher fertilizer dose is the one normally used by farmers. An NPK fertilizer compound (10 - 20 - 20 - 5(S)) was used. There were 30 experiment units with an area of 18.27 m2 (seven 2.7 m furrows separated by 0.90 m); the distance between the plants was 0.30 m, for a density of 37,037 planting sites per ha. Weekly samplings were taken, a whole plant per experiment unit. The direct measuring evaluated variables for the dry weights of each organ, which were used to obtain curves and the distribution pattern. The development time was evaluated in accumulated growing degree-days and threshold temperatures of 2 and 29°C were used. In all of the varieties and the two fertilization treatments, most of the assimilates in the early stages of the cycle were concentrated in the roots, leaves and stems; once the tuber formation started, the leaves and stems started to allocate dry matter towards the filling of the accumulation organs.
Se hace necesario estudiar el patrón de distribución y asignación de los fotoasimilados en variedades de papa criolla Guaneña y Latina que provienen de la variedad Criolla Colombia y son relativamente nuevas en la agricultura en torno al cultivo de la papa en Colombia. El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer el comportamiento de la distribución de la materia seca entre los órganos que conforman la planta de papa, con el fin de determinar los momentos claves en el ciclo de cultivo donde se está llevando a cabo el inicio del llenado de tubérculos y establecer el patrón de distribución de biomasa en las variedades mencionadas. Se realizaron tres experimentos consecutivos en la Estación Agraria Paysandú, ubicada en el Corregimiento de Santa Elena (Medellín - Antioquia) a 2.538 msnm. Se utilizó un diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar con dos niveles de fertilización correspondientes a 7 y 21 g de fertilizante por sitio que representan 259,25 y 777,77 kg de fertilizante/ha, y cinco repeticiones. La unidad experimental fue un área de 18,27 m2 (7 surcos de 2,7 m de largo), la distancia entre surcos fue de 0,90 m, la distancia entre plantas fue de 0,30 m para una densidad de 37,037 sitios de siembra/ha. Se hicieron muestreos semanales correspondientes a una planta entera por unidad experimental. Las variables evaluadas de medición directa fueron los pesos secos de cada órgano y a partir de estos pesos se determinaron las curvas que determinan el patrón de distribución. El tiempo de desarrollo se evaluó en grados día acumulados y se utilizaron las temperaturas umbrales de 2 y 29°C. En todas las variedades en los dos tratamientos de fertilización la mayor parte de los asimilados en las fases iniciales del ciclo se concentran en las raíces, hojas y tallos y una vez se inicia la formación de tubérculos, las hojas y los tallos vierten la materia seca acumulada hacia el llenado de los órganos de acumulación.

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Biomass distribution and allocation in diploid potato varieties (Solanum phureja Juz. et Buk.). (2015). Agronomía Colombiana, 33(3), 322-329. https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v33n3.50237