Correo Electrónico
DNINFOA - SIA
Bibliotecas
Convocatorias
Identidad U.N.
Published
Effect of sowing density on yield and profitability of a hybrid corn under tropical conditions
Efecto de la densidad de siembra en el rendimiento y rentabilidad de un híbrido de maíz en condiciones tropicales
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v36n3.71268Keywords:
seeding density, nutritional status, crop yield, growth. (en)densidades poblacionales, estado nutricional, rendimiento de cultivo, crecimiento. (es)
A high sowing density in maize is a widely used management practice for increasing crop yield; this method increases intraspecific competition for solar radiation, nutrients and water, so yield per plant is reduced, but a greater number of plants is harvested. However, different corn hybrids present a differential behavior because some are tolerant and some are susceptible to this condition, as determined by their plasticity in adjusting their morphology and phenology. The aim of this study was to identify the optimum sowing density, in technical and economic terms, of a new hybrid corn named 30K73 YG RRFlex since no information is available for tropical conditions. This study was carried out in the province of Tolima, municipality of Valle de San Juan, Colombia, using a completely randomized block design in divided plots; five sowing densities determined by six spatial arrangements, two distances between rows (0.7 and 0.8 m) and three numbers of plants per linear meter (7, 8 and 9) were assessed. The treatments did not generate a nitrogen deficiency in the plants, and the evaluated hybrid developed morphological adjustments at the leaf level in order to maintain constant solar radiation interception. For yield, there were no significant variations, so the yield was similar for all of the evaluated treatments. The best treatment was 87,500 plants ha-1, with a yield of 9,916.66 ± 1,078 kg ha-1 and a profitability of 58%.
El uso de altas densidades poblacionales en cultivos de maíz se considera una práctica de manejo muy usada para incrementar el rendimiento del cultivo; este método de siembra aumenta la competencia intraespecífica por radiación solar, nutrientes y agua, por lo que el rendimiento por planta se ve reducido, pero se compensa por el mayor número de plantas cosechadas. Sin embargo, los diferentes híbridos de maíz tienen un comportamiento diferencial pues algunos son tolerantes o susceptibles a esta condición. Esto es determinado por la plasticidad del material para ajustar su morfología y fenología. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar la densidad poblacional óptima en términos técnicos y económicos, para un nuevo hibrido de maíz 30K73 YG RRFlex, del que no se conocía una recomendación a nivel de trópico. Este trabajo fue realizado en el departamento del Tolima, municipio del Valle de San Juan, Colombia, usando un diseño en bloques completos al azar en parcelas divididas; allí se evaluaron cinco densidades poblacionales determinadas por seis arreglos espaciales dados por dos distancias entre surcos (0.7 m y 0.8 m) y tres números de plantas por metro lineal (7, 8 y 9). Allí se encontró que los tratamientos no generaron deficiencia de nitrógeno en las plantas. Además este hibrido desarrolló un ajuste morfológico a nivel foliar para mantener constante la intercepción de radiación solar. En cuanto a rendimiento se encontró que no se presentaron variaciones significativas, por lo que el rendimiento fue similar para los tratamientos evaluados, de tal forma que el mejor tratamiento fue de 87,500 plantas ha-1 con un rendimiento de 9,916.66 ± 1,078 kg ha-1 y una rentabilidad del 58%.
References
Agronet. 2018. Área, producción, rendimiento y participación. URL: URL: http://www.agronet.gov.co/estadistica/Paginas/default.aspx (accessed 25 January 2018).
Al-Naggar, A.M.M., R.A. Shabana, M.M.M. Atta, and T.H. Al-Khalil. 2015. Maize response to elevated plant density combined with lowered N-fertilizer rate is genotype-dependent. Crop J. 3(2), 96-109. Doi: 10.1016/j.cj.2015.01.002
Bánziger, M., G.O. Edmeades, and H.R. Lafitte. 1999. Selection for drought tolerance increases maize yields across a range of nitrogen levels. Crop Sci. 39(4), 1035-1040. Doi: 10.2135/cropsci1999.0011183X003900040012x
Boomsma, C.R., J.B. Santini, M. Tollenaar, and T.J. Vyn. 2009. Maize morphophysiological responses to intense crowding and low nitrogen availability: An analysis and review. Agron. J. 101(6), 1426-1452. Doi: 10.2134/agronj2009.0082
Chen, K., J.J. Camberato, and T.J. Vyn. 2017. Maize grain yield and kernel component relationships to morphophysiological traits in commercial hybrids separated by four decades. Crop Sci. 57(3), 1641-1657. Doi: 10.2135/cropsci2016.06.0540
Cox, W.J. and D.J.R. Cherney. 2001. Row spacing, plant density, and nitrogen effects on corn silage. Agron. J. 93, 597-602. Doi: 10.2134/agronj2001.933597x
Duan, M. 2005. Some advice on corn breeding obtained from the elite varieties of Nongda 108 and Zhengdan 958. J. Maize Sci. 13, 49-52.
Duvick, D.N. 2005. The contribution of breeding to yield advances in maize (Zea mays L.). Adv. Agron. Doi: 10.1016/S0065-2113(05)86002-X
Duvick, D.N., J.S.C. Smith, and M. Cooper. 2004. Long-term selection in a commercial hybrid maize breeding program. pp. 109-151. In: Janick, J. (ed.). Plant breeding reviews, part 2: long-term selection: Crops, animals, and bacteria. Wiley, USA. Doi: 10.1002/9780470650288.ch4
Flénet, F., J.R. Kiniry, J.E. Board, M.E. Westgate, and D.C. Reicosky. 1996. Row spacing effects on light extinction coefficients of corn, sorghum, soybean, and sunflower. Agron. J. 88(2), 185-190. Doi: 10.2134/agronj1996.00021962008800020011x
Gou, L., J. Xue, B. Qi, B. Ma, and W.F. Zhang. 2017. Morphological variation of maize cultivars in response to elevated plant densities. Agron. J. 109(4), 1443-1453. Doi: 10.2134/agronj2016.11.0675
Hashemi, A.M., S.J. Herbert, and D.H. Putnam. 2005. Yield response of corn to crowding stress. Agron. J. 97(3), 839-846. Doi: 10.2134/agronj2003.0241
Huseyin, G., S. Okan, K. Omer, and K. Mehmet. 2003. Effect of hybrid and plant density on grain yield and yield components of maize (Zea mays L.). Indian J. Agron. 48(3), 203-205.
Imai, K., Y. Suzuki, T. Mae, and A. Makino. 2008. Changes in the synthesis of Rubisco in rice leaves in relation to senescence and N influx. Ann. Bot. 101(1), 135-144. Doi: 10.1093/aob/mcm270
Khush, G.S. 2015. Punjab's water woes and India's food security. J. Crop Improvem. 29(1). Doi: 10.1080/15427528.2015.997655
Lee, Y., C. Yang, K. Chang, and Y. Shen. 2011. Effects of nitrogen status on leaf anatomy, chlorophyll content and canopy reflectance of paddy rice. Bot. Stud. 52, 295-303.
Li, J., R.Z. Xie, K.R. Wang, B. Ming, Y.Q. Guo, G.Q. Zhang, and S.K. Li. 2015. Variations in maize dry matter, harvest index, and grain yield with plant density. Agron. J. 107(3), 829-834. Doi: 10.2134/agronj14.0522
Liu, T., L. Gu, S. Dong, J. Zhang, P. Liu, and B. Zhao. 2015. Optimum leaf removal increases canopy apparent photosynthesis, 13C-photosynthate distribution and grain yield of maize crops grown at high density. Field Crops. Res. 170, 32-39. Doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2014.09.015
Marschner, P. 2012. Marschner's mineral nutrition ofhigher plants. 3rd ed. Elsevier, London. Doi: 10.1016/C2009-0-63043-9
Morales-Ruiz, A., J.M. Loeza-Corte, E. Díaz-López, E.J. Morales-Rosales, O. Franco-Mora, M.D. Mariezcurrena-Berasaín, and G. Estrada-Campuzano, 2016. Efficiency on the use of radiation and corn yield under three densities of sowing. Int. J. Agron. 2016. Doi: 10.1155/2016/6959708
Novoa, R. and N. Villagrán. 2002. Evaluación de un instrumento medidor de clorofila en la determinación de niveles de nitrógeno foliar en maíz. Agricultura Técnica Doi: 10.4067/S0365-28072002000100017
Quevedo, Y., E. Barragan, and J. Beltran. 2015. High density sowing effect on the corn hybrid (Zea mays L.) Impacto. Sci. Agroalim. 2, 18-24.
Rajcan, I. and C.J. Swanton. 2001. Understanding maize-weed competition: Resource competition, light quality and the whole plant. Field Crops. Res. 71(2), 139-150. Doi: 10.1016/S0378-4290(01)00159-9
R Core Team. 2017. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL: URL: http://www.R-project.org/ (accessed December 2017).
Sainz, H. and H. Echeverría. 1998. Relación entre las lecturas del medidor de clorofila (Minolta SPAD 502) en distintos estadios del ciclo del cultivo de maíz y el rendimiento en grano. Rev. Fac. Agron. 103(1), 37-44.
Sangoi, L., M.A. Gracietti, C. Rampazzo, and P. Bianchetti. 2002. Response of Brazilian maize hybrids from different eras to changes in plant density. Field Crops. Res. 79(1), 39-51. Doi: 10.1016/S0378-4290(02)00124-7
Shi, D., Y. Li, J. Zhang, P. Liu, B. Zhao, and S. Dong. 2016. Increased plant density and reduced N rate lead to more grain yield and higher resource utilization in summer maize. J. Integr. Agr. 15(11), 2515-2528. Doi: 10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61355-2
Testa, G., A. Reyneri, and M. Blandino. 2016. Maize grain yield enhancement through high plant density cultivation with different inter-row and intra-row spacings. Eur. J. Agron. 72, 28-37. Doi: 10.1016/j.eja.2015.09.006
Tollenaar, M. 1992. Is low plant density a stress in maize? Maydica 37, 305-311.
Uhart, S.A. and F.H. Andrade. 1995. Nitrogen deficiency in maize: I. Effects on crop growth, development, dry matter partitioning, and kernel set. Crop Sci. 35(5), 1376-1383.
Wang, H., X. Zhang, H. Yang, Y. Chen, L. Yuan, W. Li, Z. Liu, J. Tang, and D. Kang. 2016. Heterotic loci identified for plant height and ear height using two CSSLs test populations in maize. J. Integr. Agr. 15(12). Doi: 10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61376-X
Williams, M.M. 2012. Agronomics and economics of plant population density on processing sweet corn. Field Crops. Res. 128, 55-61. Doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2011.12.007
Xiong, D., J. Chen, T. Yu, W. Gao, X. Ling, Y. Li, and J. Huang. 2015. SPAD-based leaf nitrogen estimation is impacted by environmental factors and crop leaf characteristics. Sci. Rep. 5. Doi: 10.1038/srep13389
Xue, J., L. Gou, Y. Zhao, M. Yao, H. Yao, J. Tian, and W. Zhang. 2016. Effects of light intensity within the canopy on maize lodging. Field Crops. Res. 188, 133-41. Doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2016.01.003
Yu, H., H.S. Wu, and Z.J. Wang. 2010. Evaluation of SPAD and Du-alex for in-season corn nitrogen status estimation. Acta Agron. Sinica 36(5), 840-847. Doi: 10.1016/S1875-2780(09)60051-1.
How to Cite
APA
ACM
ACS
ABNT
Chicago
Harvard
IEEE
MLA
Turabian
Vancouver
Download Citation
CrossRef Cited-by
1. Jose Jaime Tapia Coronado, Liliana Margarita Atencio Solano, Julio Ramirez Duran, Karen Viviana Osorio Guerrero, Javier Castillo Sierra, Sergio Mejía Kerguelén. (2022). Situación actual y avances tecnológicos para mejorar la productividad del cultivo de maíz en Colombia. ACI Avances en Ciencias e Ingenierías, 14(1) https://doi.org/10.18272/aci.v14i1.2585.
2. Eder Eujácio da Silva, Fábio Henrique Rojo Baio, Daniel Fernando Kolling, Renato Schneider Júnior, Alex Rogers Aguiar Zanin, Danilo Carvalho Neves, João Vítor Pereira Ferreira Fontoura, Paulo Eduardo Teodoro. (2021). Variable-rate in corn sowing for maximizing grain yield. Scientific Reports, 11(1) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92238-4.
Dimensions
PlumX
Article abstract page views
Downloads
License
Copyright (c) 2018 Agronomía Colombiana
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
© Centro Editorial de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Reproduction and quotation of material appearing in the journal is authorized provided the following are explicitly indicated: journal name, author(s) name, year, volume, issue and pages of the source. The ideas and observations recorded by the authors are their own and do not necessarily represent the views and policies of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Mention of products or commercial firms in the journal does not constitute a recommendation or endorsement on the part of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia; furthermore, the use of such products should comply with the product label recommendations.
The Creative Commons license used by Agronomia Colombiana journal is: Attribution - NonCommercial - ShareAlike (by-nc-sa)
Agronomia Colombiana by Centro Editorial of Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia is licensed under a Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional License.
Creado a partir de la obra en http://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/agrocol/.
